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<p><i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> is an important tick species and pathogen vector characterized by the co-circulation of triploid parthenogenetic and diploid bisexual strains. However, the evolutionary basis of parthenogenesis in this species is unclear. Here we report reference-quality, haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of the parthenogenetic strain and two reference-quality genomes of the bisexual strains. Comparative genomic analysis revealed high collinearity between the parthenogenetic and bisexual genomes, with a stable chromosomal architecture maintained among the three haplotypes of the parthenogenetic strain. The parthenogenetic <i>H. longicornis</i> genome exhibited a major expansion in cell cycle-related gene families, including the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, but was characterized by a contraction in other gene families. Population resequencing of 179 individuals revealed two distinct subpopulations, with chromosome 7 harbouring high genetic differentiation and several candidate genes probably associated with parthenogenesis. Functional experiments showed that knockdown of the <i>BIRC5</i> gene, a member of the IAP family, suppressed oviposition in both strains, with the parthenogenetic strain exhibiting milder adverse effects probably due to a stronger transcriptional response. Overall, our results reveal the genomic and evolutionary features associated with polyploid parthenogenesis in <i>H. longicornis</i>.</p>

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Genomic and evolutionary basis of parthenogenesis in a disease-vector tick species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Qiang Lyu,
  • Kuang Sheng,
  • Hong Zhou,
  • Jingkai Ji,
  • Miao Wang,
  • Feng Wang,
  • Moujian Guo,
  • Kun Cai,
  • Bing Hu,
  • Kaixiao Nie,
  • Ruiling Zhang,
  • Shutong Yue,
  • Xiaobo Li,
  • Cixiu Li,
  • Xun Zhou,
  • Edward C. Holmes,
  • Jinfeng Chen,
  • Liangsheng Zhang,
  • Weifeng Shi

摘要

Haemaphysalis longicornis is an important tick species and pathogen vector characterized by the co-circulation of triploid parthenogenetic and diploid bisexual strains. However, the evolutionary basis of parthenogenesis in this species is unclear. Here we report reference-quality, haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of the parthenogenetic strain and two reference-quality genomes of the bisexual strains. Comparative genomic analysis revealed high collinearity between the parthenogenetic and bisexual genomes, with a stable chromosomal architecture maintained among the three haplotypes of the parthenogenetic strain. The parthenogenetic H. longicornis genome exhibited a major expansion in cell cycle-related gene families, including the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, but was characterized by a contraction in other gene families. Population resequencing of 179 individuals revealed two distinct subpopulations, with chromosome 7 harbouring high genetic differentiation and several candidate genes probably associated with parthenogenesis. Functional experiments showed that knockdown of the BIRC5 gene, a member of the IAP family, suppressed oviposition in both strains, with the parthenogenetic strain exhibiting milder adverse effects probably due to a stronger transcriptional response. Overall, our results reveal the genomic and evolutionary features associated with polyploid parthenogenesis in H. longicornis.