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<p>Climate change poses a rapidly growing threat to World Heritage sites, making effective adaptation strategies essential. However, the extent to which climate adaptation strategies have been integrated into heritage conservation frameworks remains underexplored. Applying text mining and large language models to analyse 535 World Heritage sites, we assess climate awareness (vulnerability, adaptation and resilience) and local actions (policy, process, planning and management) across 1,868 World Heritage documents. We observe spatial differences in climate awareness, influenced by regional contexts and document characteristics. Climate awareness does not align neatly with national political or economic features. Local heritage management and planning actions are negatively associated with vulnerability awareness, while policies show positive associations with overall climate awareness. Our findings demonstrate that large language models are effective tools for text classification in the interdisciplinary field of heritage and climate and offer practical perspectives into the gap between awareness and action in heritage conservation.</p>

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World Heritage documents reveal persistent gaps between climate awareness and local action

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Yang Chen,
  • Dayang Wang,
  • Luchen Zhang,
  • Chongxiao Wang,
  • Cheng Sun,
  • Qi Dong

摘要

Climate change poses a rapidly growing threat to World Heritage sites, making effective adaptation strategies essential. However, the extent to which climate adaptation strategies have been integrated into heritage conservation frameworks remains underexplored. Applying text mining and large language models to analyse 535 World Heritage sites, we assess climate awareness (vulnerability, adaptation and resilience) and local actions (policy, process, planning and management) across 1,868 World Heritage documents. We observe spatial differences in climate awareness, influenced by regional contexts and document characteristics. Climate awareness does not align neatly with national political or economic features. Local heritage management and planning actions are negatively associated with vulnerability awareness, while policies show positive associations with overall climate awareness. Our findings demonstrate that large language models are effective tools for text classification in the interdisciplinary field of heritage and climate and offer practical perspectives into the gap between awareness and action in heritage conservation.