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<p>The survival of dense secondary atmospheres around temperate rocky planets orbiting low-mass red dwarfs remains an important open question. Here we show that the thermal phase curves of TRAPPIST-1 b and TRAPPIST-1 c, measured with the James Webb Space Telescope at 15 μm, are consistent with bare rocky surfaces rather than thick atmospheres. TRAPPIST-1 b exhibits a high dayside brightness temperature (490 ± 17 K), no significant nightside emission and no phase offset—features indicative of a dark, airless surface. TRAPPIST-1 c shows a cooler dayside (369 ± 23 K) and a similarly cold nightside, consistent with either a tenuous, oxygen-rich atmosphere or an equally airless, more reflective surface. Models with surface pressures above ~1 bar are strongly disfavoured for both planets. These results suggest divergent evolutionary pathways or atmospheric loss processes despite their similar compositions.</p>

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No thick atmosphere around TRAPPIST-1 b and c from JWST thermal phase curves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Michaël Gillon,
  • Elsa Ducrot,
  • Taylor J. Bell,
  • Ziyu Huang,
  • Andrew P. Lincowski,
  • Xintong Lyu,
  • Alice Maurel,
  • Alexandre Revol,
  • Eric Agol,
  • Émeline Bolmont,
  • Chuanfei Dong,
  • Thomas J. Fauchez,
  • Daniel D. B. Koll,
  • Jérémy Leconte,
  • Victoria S. Meadows,
  • Franck Selsis,
  • Martin Turbet,
  • Benjamin Charnay,
  • Laetitia Delrez,
  • Brice-Olivier Demory,
  • Aaron Householder,
  • Sebastian Zieba,
  • David Berardo,
  • Achrène Dyrek,
  • Billy Edwards,
  • Julien de Wit,
  • Thomas P. Greene,
  • Renyu Hu,
  • Nicolas Iro,
  • Laura Kreidberg,
  • Pierre-Olivier Lagage,
  • Jacob Lustig-Yaeger,
  • Aishwarya Iyer

摘要

The survival of dense secondary atmospheres around temperate rocky planets orbiting low-mass red dwarfs remains an important open question. Here we show that the thermal phase curves of TRAPPIST-1 b and TRAPPIST-1 c, measured with the James Webb Space Telescope at 15 μm, are consistent with bare rocky surfaces rather than thick atmospheres. TRAPPIST-1 b exhibits a high dayside brightness temperature (490 ± 17 K), no significant nightside emission and no phase offset—features indicative of a dark, airless surface. TRAPPIST-1 c shows a cooler dayside (369 ± 23 K) and a similarly cold nightside, consistent with either a tenuous, oxygen-rich atmosphere or an equally airless, more reflective surface. Models with surface pressures above ~1 bar are strongly disfavoured for both planets. These results suggest divergent evolutionary pathways or atmospheric loss processes despite their similar compositions.