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<p>Observations by the James Webb Space Telescope have uncovered supermassive black holes with masses exceeding 10<sup>6</sup> <i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub> at redshifts <i>z</i> &gt; 8, posing serious challenges to existing models of early black hole formation and growth. Here we show, in a fully cosmological setting, that light seed black holes, remnants of population III stars, can grow rapidly to ~10<sup>4</sup> <i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub> in the early Universe. This growth is enabled by our new black hole seeding prescription and the unprecedented resolution of our zoom-in cosmological simulations, which resolve the dense environments necessary for efficient accretion. Our results provide robust evidence that light seed black holes can attain the masses required to serve as the dominant progenitors of the population of supermassive black holes observed at later cosmic epochs. These findings have far-reaching implications for the interpretation of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope and future gravitational wave detections with LISA.</p>

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The growth of light seed black holes in the early Universe

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Daxal H. Mehta,
  • John A. Regan,
  • Lewis Prole

摘要

Observations by the James Webb Space Telescope have uncovered supermassive black holes with masses exceeding 106 M⊙ at redshifts z > 8, posing serious challenges to existing models of early black hole formation and growth. Here we show, in a fully cosmological setting, that light seed black holes, remnants of population III stars, can grow rapidly to ~104 M⊙ in the early Universe. This growth is enabled by our new black hole seeding prescription and the unprecedented resolution of our zoom-in cosmological simulations, which resolve the dense environments necessary for efficient accretion. Our results provide robust evidence that light seed black holes can attain the masses required to serve as the dominant progenitors of the population of supermassive black holes observed at later cosmic epochs. These findings have far-reaching implications for the interpretation of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope and future gravitational wave detections with LISA.