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<p>The formation of the first stars and the subsequent population of X-ray binaries represents a fundamental transition in the state of the Universe as it evolves from near homogeneity to being abundant in collapsed structures such as galaxies. Due to a lack of direct observations, the properties of these stars remain highly uncertain. Here, by considering the impact of the first stars and their remnant X-ray binaries on the cosmological 21-cm signal, we demonstrate that upcoming observations have the potential to improve our understanding of these objects. We find that a 25 mK sensitivity measurement of the 21-cm global signal by a wide-beam radiometer, such as REACH, or 3,000 h of foreground avoidance observations of the 21-cm power spectrum by SKA-Low, could provide 3<i>σ</i> constraints on the mass distribution of the first stars. Such measurements will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the early Universe and aid in interpreting high-redshift galaxy observations.</p>

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Determination of the mass distribution of the first stars from the 21-cm signal

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • T. Gessey-Jones,
  • N. S. Sartorio,
  • H. T. J. Bevins,
  • A. Fialkov,
  • W. J. Handley,
  • E. de Lera Acedo,
  • G. M. Mirouh,
  • R. G. Izzard,
  • R. Barkana

摘要

The formation of the first stars and the subsequent population of X-ray binaries represents a fundamental transition in the state of the Universe as it evolves from near homogeneity to being abundant in collapsed structures such as galaxies. Due to a lack of direct observations, the properties of these stars remain highly uncertain. Here, by considering the impact of the first stars and their remnant X-ray binaries on the cosmological 21-cm signal, we demonstrate that upcoming observations have the potential to improve our understanding of these objects. We find that a 25 mK sensitivity measurement of the 21-cm global signal by a wide-beam radiometer, such as REACH, or 3,000 h of foreground avoidance observations of the 21-cm power spectrum by SKA-Low, could provide 3σ constraints on the mass distribution of the first stars. Such measurements will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the early Universe and aid in interpreting high-redshift galaxy observations.