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<p>It is still in dispute whether intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with a mass of ~10<sup>3</sup>–10<sup>5</sup> solar masses (<i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub>) exist, which are the missing link between stellar-mass black holes (5–50 <i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub>) and supermassive black holes (10<sup>6</sup>–10<sup>10</sup> <i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub>). The bright flares from tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a new and direct way to probe IMBHs. 3XMM J215022.4-055108 is a unique off-nuclear X-ray transient that can be best explained as the TDE by an IMBH in a massive star cluster, although its mass is not well determined. Here we report the discovery of a transient X-ray quasi-periodicity signal from 3XMM J215022.4-055108 with a period of ~85 s (at a significance of &gt;3.51<i>σ</i>) and fractional root-mean-squared amplitude of ~10%. Furthermore, the signal is coherent with a quality factor of ~16. The significance drops to &gt;3.13<i>σ</i> if considering all light curves with sufficient quality for quasi-periodic oscillation search. Combined with the results from X-ray continuum fittings, the detection of quasi-periodic oscillation allows joint constraints on the black hole mass and dimensionless spin in the range of 9.9 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 1.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> <i>M</i><sub>⊙</sub> and 0.26 to 0.36, respectively. This result supports the presence of an IMBH in an off-nuclear massive star cluster and may allow the study of IMBHs through X-ray timing of TDEs.</p>

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An 85-s X-ray quasi-periodicity after a stellar tidal disruption by a candidate intermediate-mass black hole

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月28日

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  • Wenjie Zhang,
  • Xinwen Shu,
  • Luming Sun,
  • Rong-Feng Shen,
  • Liming Dou,
  • Ning Jiang,
  • Tinggui Wang

摘要

It is still in dispute whether intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with a mass of ~103–105 solar masses (M⊙) exist, which are the missing link between stellar-mass black holes (5–50 M⊙) and supermassive black holes (106–1010 M⊙). The bright flares from tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a new and direct way to probe IMBHs. 3XMM J215022.4-055108 is a unique off-nuclear X-ray transient that can be best explained as the TDE by an IMBH in a massive star cluster, although its mass is not well determined. Here we report the discovery of a transient X-ray quasi-periodicity signal from 3XMM J215022.4-055108 with a period of ~85 s (at a significance of >3.51σ) and fractional root-mean-squared amplitude of ~10%. Furthermore, the signal is coherent with a quality factor of ~16. The significance drops to >3.13σ if considering all light curves with sufficient quality for quasi-periodic oscillation search. Combined with the results from X-ray continuum fittings, the detection of quasi-periodic oscillation allows joint constraints on the black hole mass and dimensionless spin in the range of 9.9 × 103 to 1.6 × 104 M⊙ and 0.26 to 0.36, respectively. This result supports the presence of an IMBH in an off-nuclear massive star cluster and may allow the study of IMBHs through X-ray timing of TDEs.