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<p>Oral contraceptives (OCs) can substantially modulate immune responses; however, their impact on vaccine immunogenicity remains poorly understood. This study investigated OC use patterns and their determinants among healthcare workers (HCWs), and the effects of OCs on humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses following COVID-19 booster vaccination. From 29 September 2021 to 31 December 2023, 1061 female HCWs aged 18-50 years were enrolled in the CoVacSer study. OC users were compared to non-users. Blood samples combined with a questionnaire were collected before and after third and fourth COVID-19 vaccination including follow-ups. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG levels were measured using SERION ELISA <i>agile</i> SARS-CoV-2 IgG, T-cellular immune response using Oxford Immunotec T-SPOT®.COVID. A linear mixed and a generalised linear model were used to assess the influence of OC on post-vaccination immune response. At study inclusion, 21.7% (230/1061) reported OC use. Younger age, being a physician, and higher BMI were significantly associated with OC. Linear mixed and generalised linear regression models revealed no significant association between reported OC use and humoral and T-cellular immune response before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Although OC are known to modulate immune responses, this study found no statistically significant association between self-reported OC use and humoral or cellular immunogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination. This is among the first studies to address this in the context of COVID-19 booster vaccination. Our findings suggest that in women using OC no specific adjustments to COVID-19 vaccination strategies are required considering OC use. Continued investigation of potential interactions between OC and vaccine- or infection-induced immunity remain warranted.</p>

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Oral contraceptive usage among healthcare workers and its impact on COVID-19 booster vaccination immunogenicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Isabell Wagenhäuser,
  • Julia Reusch,
  • Juliane Mees,
  • Lukas B. Krone,
  • Isabella Eiter,
  • Thiên-Trí Lâm,
  • Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir,
  • Carolin Curtaz,
  • Anna Frey,
  • Oliver Kurzai,
  • Stefan Frantz,
  • Sabine Wicker,
  • Achim Wöckel,
  • Nils Petri,
  • Alexander Gabel,
  • Manuel Krone

摘要

Oral contraceptives (OCs) can substantially modulate immune responses; however, their impact on vaccine immunogenicity remains poorly understood. This study investigated OC use patterns and their determinants among healthcare workers (HCWs), and the effects of OCs on humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses following COVID-19 booster vaccination. From 29 September 2021 to 31 December 2023, 1061 female HCWs aged 18-50 years were enrolled in the CoVacSer study. OC users were compared to non-users. Blood samples combined with a questionnaire were collected before and after third and fourth COVID-19 vaccination including follow-ups. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG levels were measured using SERION ELISA agile SARS-CoV-2 IgG, T-cellular immune response using Oxford Immunotec T-SPOT®.COVID. A linear mixed and a generalised linear model were used to assess the influence of OC on post-vaccination immune response. At study inclusion, 21.7% (230/1061) reported OC use. Younger age, being a physician, and higher BMI were significantly associated with OC. Linear mixed and generalised linear regression models revealed no significant association between reported OC use and humoral and T-cellular immune response before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Although OC are known to modulate immune responses, this study found no statistically significant association between self-reported OC use and humoral or cellular immunogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination. This is among the first studies to address this in the context of COVID-19 booster vaccination. Our findings suggest that in women using OC no specific adjustments to COVID-19 vaccination strategies are required considering OC use. Continued investigation of potential interactions between OC and vaccine- or infection-induced immunity remain warranted.