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<p>Vaccine immunogenicity varies across populations, yet drivers remain unclear. We compared systemic (plasma) and mucosal (coprological) antibody responses to the oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a, quantified by ELISA, among Ugandan adolescents from urban and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-endemic rural settings. Urban participants elicited higher responses. Causal mediation analysis indicated that <i>S. mansoni</i> partly accounted for reduced mucosal, but not systemic, responses in rural participants, highlighting implications for oral vaccine effectiveness in endemic settings.</p>

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Rural-urban differences in oral typhoid vaccine responses in Uganda: contribution of Schistosoma mansoni

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月16日

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  • Bridgious Walusimbi,
  • Agnes Natukunda,
  • Rebecca Amongin,
  • Victoria Heyraud,
  • Claire Baine,
  • Jacent Nassuuna,
  • Emily L. Webb,
  • Alison M. Elliott,
  • Gyaviira Nkurunungi

摘要

Vaccine immunogenicity varies across populations, yet drivers remain unclear. We compared systemic (plasma) and mucosal (coprological) antibody responses to the oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a, quantified by ELISA, among Ugandan adolescents from urban and Schistosoma mansoni-endemic rural settings. Urban participants elicited higher responses. Causal mediation analysis indicated that S. mansoni partly accounted for reduced mucosal, but not systemic, responses in rural participants, highlighting implications for oral vaccine effectiveness in endemic settings.