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<p>The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health’s handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for the prevention of mpox is modified vaccinia Ankara from Bavarian-Nordic (MVA-BN). We previously reported a nondurable and low-avidity antibody response against mpox elicited by MVA-BN. In this study, we expanded upon this knowledge by employing a microneutralization assay to measure monkeypox virus (MPXV) neutralizing titers and a multiplexed immunoassay to assess IgG titers and avidity against eight MPXV antigens and two vaccinia antigens. Through a machine learning analysis, we uncovered that MVA-BN vaccinees without prior smallpox vaccination largely return to a baseline seroprofile within a year of immunization. Notably, we identified a discrete population within this group that mounted a robust neutralizing antibody response associated with a longer dosing interval during the MVA-BN primary series. Furthermore, we found that boosting with a third dose of MVA-BN increases IgG avidity against certain MPXV antigens, as part of a booster-specific seroprofile. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing immune responses through MVA-BN boosters, presenting a potential approach to addressing the limited MPXV-specific immunity observed following the primary series.</p>

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A comparison of two- and three-dose MVA-BN mpox vaccination series on anti-monkeypox virus immunity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Aaron L. Oom,
  • Kesi K. Wilson,
  • Stephanie Rettig,
  • Michael Tuen,
  • Marie I. Samanovic,
  • Angelica C. Kottkamp,
  • Ramin Sedaghat Herati,
  • Ralf Duerr,
  • Mark J. Mulligan,
  • Abdul Abdulai,
  • Robert Arciuolo,
  • Jaqueline Callahan,
  • Ellie Carmody,
  • Tamia Davis,
  • Amanda Dontino,
  • Aimee Edwin,
  • Celia Engelson,
  • Andrew Fleming,
  • Olivia Frank,
  • Emily Geesey,
  • Shelby Goins,
  • Victoria Guerra,
  • Erika Guevarra,
  • Sarah Haiken,
  • Aaliyah Henry,
  • Kathryn Jano,
  • Trishala Karmacharya,
  • Dorothy Knutsen,
  • Irma Noriega,
  • Maria Null,
  • Samuel Nweke,
  • Lalitha Parameswaran,
  • Robert Pitts,
  • Gurchetan Randhawa,
  • Miguel Rodriguez,
  • Pamela Suman,
  • Apoorva Talanki,
  • Meron Tasissa,
  • Kathryn Swindell,
  • Julia Wagner,
  • Jimmy P. Wilson,
  • Samantha Yip,
  • Miilani Yonatan,
  • Heekoung Allison Youn,
  • Lisa Zhao

摘要

The 2022 global outbreak of clade IIb mpox represented a turning point in public health’s handling of poxviruses. The primary vaccine available for the prevention of mpox is modified vaccinia Ankara from Bavarian-Nordic (MVA-BN). We previously reported a nondurable and low-avidity antibody response against mpox elicited by MVA-BN. In this study, we expanded upon this knowledge by employing a microneutralization assay to measure monkeypox virus (MPXV) neutralizing titers and a multiplexed immunoassay to assess IgG titers and avidity against eight MPXV antigens and two vaccinia antigens. Through a machine learning analysis, we uncovered that MVA-BN vaccinees without prior smallpox vaccination largely return to a baseline seroprofile within a year of immunization. Notably, we identified a discrete population within this group that mounted a robust neutralizing antibody response associated with a longer dosing interval during the MVA-BN primary series. Furthermore, we found that boosting with a third dose of MVA-BN increases IgG avidity against certain MPXV antigens, as part of a booster-specific seroprofile. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing immune responses through MVA-BN boosters, presenting a potential approach to addressing the limited MPXV-specific immunity observed following the primary series.