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<p>Immunocastration uses antigen-antibody interactions to suppress reproductive function without surgery. This review examines vaccines targeting GnRH, zona pellucida (ZP), and sperm antigens, focusing on GnRH vaccine platforms, carriers, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Applications in livestock, pets, and wildlife are discussed. Remaining challenges include variable immune responses and long-term efficacy. Future advances in recombinant technology and adjuvants may broaden clinical application.</p>

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Advances and future applications of immunocastration techniques: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Mingshuo Ji,
  • Jiaqi Nie,
  • Yue Chen,
  • Jiahan Gang,
  • Chao Dong,
  • He Huang,
  • Li-Ming Liu,
  • Yongfei Zhou

摘要

Immunocastration uses antigen-antibody interactions to suppress reproductive function without surgery. This review examines vaccines targeting GnRH, zona pellucida (ZP), and sperm antigens, focusing on GnRH vaccine platforms, carriers, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Applications in livestock, pets, and wildlife are discussed. Remaining challenges include variable immune responses and long-term efficacy. Future advances in recombinant technology and adjuvants may broaden clinical application.