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<p>Intestinal helminth infections including <i>Trichinella spiralis</i> impose a heavy burden globally, yet effective oral vaccines are lacking due to antigen degradation and poor mucosal immunogenicity. This study develops an oral vaccine platform using yeast-derived β-glucan particles (GPs) to encapsulate <i>T. spiralis</i> antigens (Ag-GPs). These Ag-GPs demonstrated efficient antigen encapsulation, gastrointestinal stability, and excellent biocompatibility. In a mouse model, oral immunization with Ag-GPs was biocompatible and induced robust mucosal (SIgA) and systemic (IgG, IgE) antibody responses, while also stimulating dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation. This immunization resulted in significant reductions in both adult worm and muscle larval burdens following <i>T. spiralis</i> challenge. Notably, the observed protective immunity strongly correlated with Dectin-1 receptor-mediated particle uptake and subsequent systemic immune activation. This work presents a promising dual-function platform, acting as both an adjuvant and delivery system, for developing oral vaccines against intestinal parasites.</p>

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Oral delivery of Trichinella spiralis antigens by yeast-derived β-glucan particles enhances anti-helminth immunity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Zhina Liu,
  • Yi Liu,
  • Zijian Dong,
  • Yaming Yang,
  • Longjiang Tian,
  • Xingyang Wang,
  • Zhiyang Du,
  • Xiaolei Liu,
  • Xue Bai,
  • Xuemin Jin

摘要

Intestinal helminth infections including Trichinella spiralis impose a heavy burden globally, yet effective oral vaccines are lacking due to antigen degradation and poor mucosal immunogenicity. This study develops an oral vaccine platform using yeast-derived β-glucan particles (GPs) to encapsulate T. spiralis antigens (Ag-GPs). These Ag-GPs demonstrated efficient antigen encapsulation, gastrointestinal stability, and excellent biocompatibility. In a mouse model, oral immunization with Ag-GPs was biocompatible and induced robust mucosal (SIgA) and systemic (IgG, IgE) antibody responses, while also stimulating dendritic cell maturation and T-cell activation. This immunization resulted in significant reductions in both adult worm and muscle larval burdens following T. spiralis challenge. Notably, the observed protective immunity strongly correlated with Dectin-1 receptor-mediated particle uptake and subsequent systemic immune activation. This work presents a promising dual-function platform, acting as both an adjuvant and delivery system, for developing oral vaccines against intestinal parasites.