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<p>Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 cause widespread oral or genital infections, but no prophylactic or therapeutic HSV vaccine has been approved to date. In this study, we developed three mRNA vaccine candidates expressing key viral glycoproteins: monovalent gD2, bivalent gD2-gC1, and bivalent gD2-gE1. We assessed their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model. All candidates elicited robust humoral and cellular immunity and provided significant protection against intravaginal HSV challenge. Notably, the gD2-gE1 vaccine induced markedly stronger immune responses. Mechanistically, its superior immunoprotective efficacy was associated with the stronger IFN‑I response, which thereby enhanced the adaptive immune response. Collectively, our findings provide a scientific rationale and valuable insights for the future development of HSV vaccines.</p>

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‌An mRNA vaccine confers enhanced protection against herpes simplex virus through an IFN-I-dependent pathway

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Wenying Zhao,
  • Lingjin Sun,
  • Peng Wang,
  • Qian Zhao,
  • Ying Li,
  • Yang Li,
  • Hongyang Shi,
  • Man Xing,
  • Weiqian Dai,
  • Dongming Zhou

摘要

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 cause widespread oral or genital infections, but no prophylactic or therapeutic HSV vaccine has been approved to date. In this study, we developed three mRNA vaccine candidates expressing key viral glycoproteins: monovalent gD2, bivalent gD2-gC1, and bivalent gD2-gE1. We assessed their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model. All candidates elicited robust humoral and cellular immunity and provided significant protection against intravaginal HSV challenge. Notably, the gD2-gE1 vaccine induced markedly stronger immune responses. Mechanistically, its superior immunoprotective efficacy was associated with the stronger IFN‑I response, which thereby enhanced the adaptive immune response. Collectively, our findings provide a scientific rationale and valuable insights for the future development of HSV vaccines.