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<p>Type I interferons (IFN) are key mediators of innate immune activation, promoting upregulation of costimulatory molecules and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I/II on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, IFN also suppress endogenous translation to restrict viral replication. Critically, IFN-stimulated APCs lose the capacity to acquire new antigens, making the timing of IFN signaling a crucial determinant of vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that both DC-specific loss of IFNα/β receptor (IFNαR) and transient blockade of IFNαR before vaccination enhances vaccine uptake and expression within DCs, improves CD8⁺ T cell priming, and leads to superior tumor control. We also demonstrate that IFN signaling before vaccination, triggered by prior infection or administration of a different vaccine, impairs dendritic cell uptake of mRNA-LNP vaccines and reduces the magnitude of vaccine-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses. These findings highlight the dual-edged nature of IFN signaling and offer a potential strategy for enhancing vaccine-induced immunity.</p>

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Type I interferon restricts mRNA vaccine efficacy through suppression of antigen uptake in cDCs

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Tyson A. Lobb,
  • Alexandria Dickson,
  • Wenzheng Guo,
  • Smrithi Beeram,
  • Javier A. Carrero,
  • Yago Dalben,
  • Richard J. DiPaolo,
  • Elise Alspach,
  • Longping V. Tse,
  • Stephen T. Ferris

摘要

Type I interferons (IFN) are key mediators of innate immune activation, promoting upregulation of costimulatory molecules and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I/II on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, IFN also suppress endogenous translation to restrict viral replication. Critically, IFN-stimulated APCs lose the capacity to acquire new antigens, making the timing of IFN signaling a crucial determinant of vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that both DC-specific loss of IFNα/β receptor (IFNαR) and transient blockade of IFNαR before vaccination enhances vaccine uptake and expression within DCs, improves CD8⁺ T cell priming, and leads to superior tumor control. We also demonstrate that IFN signaling before vaccination, triggered by prior infection or administration of a different vaccine, impairs dendritic cell uptake of mRNA-LNP vaccines and reduces the magnitude of vaccine-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses. These findings highlight the dual-edged nature of IFN signaling and offer a potential strategy for enhancing vaccine-induced immunity.