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<p>Immune-mediated protection generated to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is associated with anti-Spike (S) protein neutralizing antibodies. However, humoral immunity is compromised in B cell depleting (BCD) therapies, used to treat autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To study the effect of BCD on the durability and protective efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity, we evaluated S-reactive antibodies and T cell responses 1–70 weeks post-vaccination in MS cohorts treated with BCD compared to non-BCD therapies from four centers. BCD-treated participants had significantly reduced antibody levels and enhanced frequencies of S-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> memory T cells to COVID-19 vaccination compared to the non-BCD group, with some variations among different BCD formulations. T cell memory responses persisted up to 14 months post-vaccination in both BCD and non-BCD cohorts, who experienced similar clinical protection from COVID-19. Together, our results establish a critical role for T cell-mediated immunity in anti-viral protection independent of humoral immunity.</p>

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Durable T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines in MS patients on B cell depletion therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月17日

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  • Julia Davis-Porada,
  • Ceren Tozlu,
  • Claudia Aiello,
  • Sokratis A. Apostolidis,
  • Amit Bar-Or,
  • Riley Bove,
  • Diego A. Espinoza,
  • Sugeidy Ferreira Brito,
  • Dina Jacobs,
  • Mihir Kakara,
  • Kaho Onomichi,
  • Adelle Ricci,
  • Joseph J. Sabatino Jr.,
  • Elizabeth Walker,
  • E. John Wherry,
  • Lili Zhang,
  • Wen Zhu,
  • Zongqi Xia,
  • Philip De Jager,
  • Sarah Flanagan Wesley,
  • Rebecca Straus Farber,
  • Donna L. Farber

摘要

Immune-mediated protection generated to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is associated with anti-Spike (S) protein neutralizing antibodies. However, humoral immunity is compromised in B cell depleting (BCD) therapies, used to treat autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To study the effect of BCD on the durability and protective efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity, we evaluated S-reactive antibodies and T cell responses 1–70 weeks post-vaccination in MS cohorts treated with BCD compared to non-BCD therapies from four centers. BCD-treated participants had significantly reduced antibody levels and enhanced frequencies of S-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells to COVID-19 vaccination compared to the non-BCD group, with some variations among different BCD formulations. T cell memory responses persisted up to 14 months post-vaccination in both BCD and non-BCD cohorts, who experienced similar clinical protection from COVID-19. Together, our results establish a critical role for T cell-mediated immunity in anti-viral protection independent of humoral immunity.