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<p>This research optimized culture conditions to enhance the concurrent synthesis of lipids and carotenoids by <i>Cystofilobasidium ferigula</i> CCMA 1623 using crude glycerol as a low-cost substrate. Despite limited biotechnological studies on this yeast, a response surface methodology with a central composite design was applied to examine the influence of yeast extract levels, temperature, and aeration. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified a fatty acid profile predominantly composed of stearic, palmitic, oleic (omega-9), and linoleic (omega-6) acids similar to vegetable oils. Raman spectroscopy was employed as a rapid, non-destructive analytical tool to detect molecular signatures consistent with lipid and carotenoid-type compounds in the biomass, providing complementary structural evidence to support compositional and functional analyses. The carotenoid extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity as determined by the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical scavenging assay (ABTS), the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay (DPPH). Under optimized conditions, the cell extract showed 52.89 ± 2.55% lipid content (1.57 ± 0.25 g/L) and 107.6 ± 2.4 µg/g total carotenoids, supporting its potential as a sustainable platform for the biotechnological production of high-value metabolites.</p>

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Cystofilobasidium ferigula co-production of lipids and carotenoids using crude glycerol

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Andreísa Teixeira de Castro,
  • Angélica Cristina de Souza,
  • Taís Teixeira das Neves,
  • Jenaina Ribeiro Soares,
  • Raphael Longuinhos Monteiro Lobato,
  • Rosane Freitas Schwan,
  • Disney Ribeiro Dias

摘要

This research optimized culture conditions to enhance the concurrent synthesis of lipids and carotenoids by Cystofilobasidium ferigula CCMA 1623 using crude glycerol as a low-cost substrate. Despite limited biotechnological studies on this yeast, a response surface methodology with a central composite design was applied to examine the influence of yeast extract levels, temperature, and aeration. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified a fatty acid profile predominantly composed of stearic, palmitic, oleic (omega-9), and linoleic (omega-6) acids similar to vegetable oils. Raman spectroscopy was employed as a rapid, non-destructive analytical tool to detect molecular signatures consistent with lipid and carotenoid-type compounds in the biomass, providing complementary structural evidence to support compositional and functional analyses. The carotenoid extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity as determined by the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical scavenging assay (ABTS), the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay (DPPH). Under optimized conditions, the cell extract showed 52.89 ± 2.55% lipid content (1.57 ± 0.25 g/L) and 107.6 ± 2.4 µg/g total carotenoids, supporting its potential as a sustainable platform for the biotechnological production of high-value metabolites.