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<p>Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food, is recognized for its metabolic benefits; however, its effects on human immune function remain poorly defined. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 overweight adults using a paired pre/post design in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants consumed a placebo, spontaneously fermented kimchi powder, or starter culture-fermented kimchi powder. Kimchi enhanced intercellular signaling mediated by antigen-presenting cells, increased antigen uptake, and promoted the upregulation of MHC class II–related genes through the JAK/STAT1–CIITA axis. Single-cell trajectory analysis revealed accelerated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell differentiation toward effector and regulatory phenotypes, whereas CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, B cells, and NK cells remained stable, indicating preserved systemic immune homeostasis. In summary, 12 weeks of kimchi dietary intervention enhanced antigen presentation and remodeled CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells without broad systemic activation, providing single-cell evidence of kimchi-induced dietary immunomodulation in humans. The clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (<a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/">https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/</a>) under the identifier NCT05898802.</p>

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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that kimchi dietary intervention modulates human antigen-presenting and CD4⁺ T cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Wooje Lee,
  • Ha-Rin Moon,
  • Hasun Choi,
  • Ho Jae Lee,
  • Yebin Kim,
  • Hyun Ju Kim,
  • Ye-Rang Yun,
  • Min-Sung Kwon,
  • Sung Wook Hong

摘要

Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food, is recognized for its metabolic benefits; however, its effects on human immune function remain poorly defined. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA-seq on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 overweight adults using a paired pre/post design in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The participants consumed a placebo, spontaneously fermented kimchi powder, or starter culture-fermented kimchi powder. Kimchi enhanced intercellular signaling mediated by antigen-presenting cells, increased antigen uptake, and promoted the upregulation of MHC class II–related genes through the JAK/STAT1–CIITA axis. Single-cell trajectory analysis revealed accelerated CD4+ T cell differentiation toward effector and regulatory phenotypes, whereas CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells remained stable, indicating preserved systemic immune homeostasis. In summary, 12 weeks of kimchi dietary intervention enhanced antigen presentation and remodeled CD4+ T cells without broad systemic activation, providing single-cell evidence of kimchi-induced dietary immunomodulation in humans. The clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) under the identifier NCT05898802.