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<p>We demonstrate a two-qubit variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) implementation using two spatially separated single-photon processors connected via a 3 km optical fiber network. Our approach leverages local operations on pre-shared entanglement to evaluate two-qubit Hamiltonians. By incorporating parameterized weak measurement operations within the local operations framework, we enable access to the complete Hilbert space across distributed quantum processors – a capability typically requiring complex non-local operations. Our experimental results show accurate ground state energy estimation for Hamiltonians including H-He<sup>+</sup> cation and the Schwinger model, validating both the necessity of weak measurements and high-quality entanglement in distributed quantum computing. This work establishes a promising direction for resource-efficient, scalable quantum network architectures that maintain full computational capabilities through local operations and controlled entanglement manipulation.</p>

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Distributed photonic variational quantum eigensolver with parameterized weak measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Donghwa Lee,
  • Bohdan Bilash,
  • Jaehak Lee,
  • Hyang-Tag Lim,
  • Yosep Kim,
  • Seung-Woo Lee,
  • Yong-Su Kim

摘要

We demonstrate a two-qubit variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) implementation using two spatially separated single-photon processors connected via a 3 km optical fiber network. Our approach leverages local operations on pre-shared entanglement to evaluate two-qubit Hamiltonians. By incorporating parameterized weak measurement operations within the local operations framework, we enable access to the complete Hilbert space across distributed quantum processors – a capability typically requiring complex non-local operations. Our experimental results show accurate ground state energy estimation for Hamiltonians including H-He+ cation and the Schwinger model, validating both the necessity of weak measurements and high-quality entanglement in distributed quantum computing. This work establishes a promising direction for resource-efficient, scalable quantum network architectures that maintain full computational capabilities through local operations and controlled entanglement manipulation.