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<p>Reaching the quantum limit for added noise in amplification processes is an important step toward many quantum technologies. Nearly quantum-limited traveling-wave parametric amplifiers with Josephson junction arrays have been developed and recently even become commercially available. However, the fundamental question of whether a single atom also can reach this quantum limit has not yet been answered in practice. Here, we investigate the amplification of a microwave probe signal by a superconducting artificial atom, a transmon, at the end of a semi-infinite transmission line, under a strong pump field. The end of the transmission line acts as a mirror for microwave fields. Due to the weak anharmonicity of the artificial atom, the strong pump field creates multi-photon excitations among the dressed states. Transitions between these dressed states, Rabi sidebands, give rise to either amplification or attenuation of the weak probe. We obtain a maximum power amplification of 1.402 ± 0.025, higher than in any previous experiment with a single artificial atom. We achieve near-quantum-limited added noise (0.157 ± 0.003 quanta; the quantum limit is 0.143 ± 0.006 quanta for this level of amplification), due to quantum coherence between Rabi sidebands, leading to constructive interference between emitted photons.</p>

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Nearly quantum-limited microwave amplification via interfering degenerate stimulated emission in a single artificial atom

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Fahad Aziz,
  • Kuan-Ting Lin,
  • Ping-Yi Wen,
  • Samina,
  • Yu-Chen Lin,
  • Emely Weigand,
  • Ching-Ping Lee,
  • Yu-Ting Cheng,
  • Yong Lu,
  • Ching-Yeh Chen,
  • Chin-Hsun Chien,
  • Kai-Min Hsieh,
  • Yu-Huan Huang,
  • Haw-Tyng Huang,
  • Hou Ian,
  • Jeng-Chung Chen,
  • Yen-Hsiang Lin,
  • Anton Frisk Kockum,
  • Guin-Dar Lin,
  • Io-Chun Hoi

摘要

Reaching the quantum limit for added noise in amplification processes is an important step toward many quantum technologies. Nearly quantum-limited traveling-wave parametric amplifiers with Josephson junction arrays have been developed and recently even become commercially available. However, the fundamental question of whether a single atom also can reach this quantum limit has not yet been answered in practice. Here, we investigate the amplification of a microwave probe signal by a superconducting artificial atom, a transmon, at the end of a semi-infinite transmission line, under a strong pump field. The end of the transmission line acts as a mirror for microwave fields. Due to the weak anharmonicity of the artificial atom, the strong pump field creates multi-photon excitations among the dressed states. Transitions between these dressed states, Rabi sidebands, give rise to either amplification or attenuation of the weak probe. We obtain a maximum power amplification of 1.402 ± 0.025, higher than in any previous experiment with a single artificial atom. We achieve near-quantum-limited added noise (0.157 ± 0.003 quanta; the quantum limit is 0.143 ± 0.006 quanta for this level of amplification), due to quantum coherence between Rabi sidebands, leading to constructive interference between emitted photons.