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<p>Environmental trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure from dry cleaners represents a potentially remediable risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). We performed a nationwide, population-based, case-control study to investigate the association between incident PD in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries age ≥67 in 2016–2018 (180,982 with incident PD and 18,848,268 non-case controls) and residential distance to dry cleaners. After accounting for age, sex, race, smoking, healthcare utilization, rural-urban commuting area (RUCA), PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and income, we observed a dose-dependent association between distance to dry cleaners and PD risk nationwide, wherein the risk of PD was greatest for those living within 500 ft of a dry cleaner (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09–1.19) compared to those living 4 to 5 miles away. The strongest association was observed in the gait instability PD subtype, where the OR for PD within 0.1 miles of a dry cleaner was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.16–1.30) compared to 4–5 miles away. Notably, our map of the association revealed a trend across most of the U.S., with some of the strongest coefficients clustered in parts of the South, Michigan, southern California, and the New York City metropolitan region. Our findings suggest that chemicals used in dry cleaning may contaminate nearby neighborhoods and contribute to PD risk.</p>

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Nationwide association between proximity to dry cleaners and risk of Parkinson's disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Brittany Krzyzanowski,
  • Kassu M. Beyene,
  • Sai Shivani Chirag,
  • Irene Faust,
  • Brad A. Racette

摘要

Environmental trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure from dry cleaners represents a potentially remediable risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). We performed a nationwide, population-based, case-control study to investigate the association between incident PD in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries age ≥67 in 2016–2018 (180,982 with incident PD and 18,848,268 non-case controls) and residential distance to dry cleaners. After accounting for age, sex, race, smoking, healthcare utilization, rural-urban commuting area (RUCA), PM2.5, and income, we observed a dose-dependent association between distance to dry cleaners and PD risk nationwide, wherein the risk of PD was greatest for those living within 500 ft of a dry cleaner (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09–1.19) compared to those living 4 to 5 miles away. The strongest association was observed in the gait instability PD subtype, where the OR for PD within 0.1 miles of a dry cleaner was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.16–1.30) compared to 4–5 miles away. Notably, our map of the association revealed a trend across most of the U.S., with some of the strongest coefficients clustered in parts of the South, Michigan, southern California, and the New York City metropolitan region. Our findings suggest that chemicals used in dry cleaning may contaminate nearby neighborhoods and contribute to PD risk.