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<p>Blood and urine biomarkers are commonly used to diagnose and monitor chronic diseases. We initially screened 67 biomarkers, including 4 urine biomarkers and 63 blood biomarkers, and identified 13 blood biomarkers significantly associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among these, we discovered three novel markers demonstrating strong associations: phosphate (<i>P</i> = 1.81 × 10<sup>−3</sup>), AST/ALT ratio (<i>P</i> = 8.53 × 10<sup>−6</sup>), and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) (<i>P</i> = 3.49 × 10<sup>−20</sup>). We also substantiated eight well-studied biomarkers and elucidated the roles of two previously ambiguous biomarkers. Our analyses confirmed IGF-1 (<i>P</i> = 7.46 × 10<sup>−29</sup>) as a risk factor, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (<i>P</i> = 1.43 × 10<sup>−3</sup>) as protective against PD. Genetic analysis highlighted that IRF, CRP, and IGF-1 share significant genetic loci with PD, notably at <i>MAPT</i>, <i>SETD1A</i>, <i>HLA-DRB1</i>, and <i>HLA-DQA1</i>. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis suggested potential causal associations between IGF-1, CRP, and PD. We identified several blood biomarkers that may be associated with the risk of developing PD, providing valuable insights for further exploration of PD-related biomarkers.</p>

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Early detection of Parkinson’s disease through multiplex blood and urine biomarkers prior to clinical diagnosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Shuo Gao,
  • Zheng Wang,
  • Yuanfeng Huang,
  • Guang yang,
  • Yijing Wang,
  • Yan Yi,
  • Qiao Zhou,
  • Xingxing Jian,
  • Guihu Zhao,
  • Bin Li,
  • Linyong Xu,
  • Kun Xia,
  • Beisha Tang,
  • Jinchen Li

摘要

Blood and urine biomarkers are commonly used to diagnose and monitor chronic diseases. We initially screened 67 biomarkers, including 4 urine biomarkers and 63 blood biomarkers, and identified 13 blood biomarkers significantly associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Among these, we discovered three novel markers demonstrating strong associations: phosphate (P = 1.81 × 10−3), AST/ALT ratio (P = 8.53 × 10−6), and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) (P = 3.49 × 10−20). We also substantiated eight well-studied biomarkers and elucidated the roles of two previously ambiguous biomarkers. Our analyses confirmed IGF-1 (P = 7.46 × 10−29) as a risk factor, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 1.43 × 10−3) as protective against PD. Genetic analysis highlighted that IRF, CRP, and IGF-1 share significant genetic loci with PD, notably at MAPT, SETD1A, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQA1. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis suggested potential causal associations between IGF-1, CRP, and PD. We identified several blood biomarkers that may be associated with the risk of developing PD, providing valuable insights for further exploration of PD-related biomarkers.