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<p>Dual-functional ZrO<sub>2</sub>@CNT heterojunctions are designed and synthesized to achieve efficient light-induced charge separation for both environmental remediation and optoelectronics. Comprehensive structural characterization confirms a high-purity, crystalline heterostructure with intimate interfacial contact between monoclinic ZrO<sub>2</sub> and carbon nanotubes (CNT), which is critical for synergistic functionality. The optimized nanocomposite degrades 96% of the antibiotic isoniazid within 60 min under visible light, with near-complete mineralization (95.3% total carbon content (TOC) removal), confirming true pollutant destruction to CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, and inorganic ions. Mechanistic studies reveal pseudo-first-order kinetics dominated by hydroxyl radicals (•OH), enabled by suppressed electron–hole recombination at the intimately coupled monoclinic ZrO<sub>2</sub>/CNT interface. Simultaneously, the same heterostructure delivers high-performance visible-light photodetection at 635 nm (below the ZrO<sub>2</sub> bandgap of 3.7 eV), achieving a responsivity of 6.06 × 10⁻<sup>1</sup> A/W, specific detectivity of 7.11 × 10<sup>6</sup> Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 1.4 × 10⁻<sup>2</sup>. This strong sub-bandgap photoresponse arises from direct CNT absorption, defect-mediated transitions, and photoconductive gain amplification. The material exhibits excellent operational stability and recyclability over multiple cycles. By unifying efficient photocatalytic degradation of emerging contaminants with sensitive visible-light detection in a single, robust nanocomposite, this work establishes a new material platform for next-generation environmental monitoring and protection technologies.</p><p></p>

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A single heterojunction enables dual functionality: engineered ZrO2@CNT nanocomposites for visible-light pharmaceutical degradation and photodetection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Aaliyah Farooq,
  • Tuiba Mearaj,
  • Rahil Hammed Bhat,
  • Nadiya Gulam,
  • Hanof Dawas Alkhaldi,
  • Abdullah Almohammedi,
  • Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh,
  • William W. Yu,
  • Aadil Ahmad Bhat,
  • Wengang Bi

摘要

Dual-functional ZrO2@CNT heterojunctions are designed and synthesized to achieve efficient light-induced charge separation for both environmental remediation and optoelectronics. Comprehensive structural characterization confirms a high-purity, crystalline heterostructure with intimate interfacial contact between monoclinic ZrO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNT), which is critical for synergistic functionality. The optimized nanocomposite degrades 96% of the antibiotic isoniazid within 60 min under visible light, with near-complete mineralization (95.3% total carbon content (TOC) removal), confirming true pollutant destruction to CO2, H2O, and inorganic ions. Mechanistic studies reveal pseudo-first-order kinetics dominated by hydroxyl radicals (•OH), enabled by suppressed electron–hole recombination at the intimately coupled monoclinic ZrO2/CNT interface. Simultaneously, the same heterostructure delivers high-performance visible-light photodetection at 635 nm (below the ZrO2 bandgap of 3.7 eV), achieving a responsivity of 6.06 × 10⁻1 A/W, specific detectivity of 7.11 × 106 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 1.4 × 10⁻2. This strong sub-bandgap photoresponse arises from direct CNT absorption, defect-mediated transitions, and photoconductive gain amplification. The material exhibits excellent operational stability and recyclability over multiple cycles. By unifying efficient photocatalytic degradation of emerging contaminants with sensitive visible-light detection in a single, robust nanocomposite, this work establishes a new material platform for next-generation environmental monitoring and protection technologies.