<p>Metal oxide deposition on the inner surfaces of power plant systems reduces heat transfer efficiency and promotes localized corrosion. Nickel ferrite (Ni<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>; 0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 1) is a common yet understudied corrosion product in pressurized water reactors. Conventional electrophoretic studies inaccurately addressed background thermal convection, complicating the isolation of electrophoretic components. Herein, we integrated particle image velocimetry into a hydrothermal cell, to enable precise electrophoretic mobility measurements up to 250 °C. This approach was first validated by measuring the mobilities of zirconium dioxide at 25 °C and 200 °C. Electrophoretic mobilities of Ni<sub>0.37</sub>Fe<sub>0.63</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles were measured up to 250 °C at 50 bar, using HNO<sub>3</sub> and KOH as pH modifiers. Results showed the isoelectric point decreased from 5.9 ± 0.1 at 150 °C, plateauing at 5.6 ± 0.1 above 230 °C indicating that higher temperatures favored further deprotonation of surface sites. Thermodynamic analysis indicated surface deprotonation was spontaneous (Δ<i>G</i>° = −43 ± 1 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) and exothermic (Δ<i>H</i>° = − 40 ± 0.8 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>) with its favorability increasing due to its positive entropy (Δ<i>S</i>° = 10 ± 2 J mol<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>). This study highlights PIV as a reliable and rapid tool for electrophoretic data acquisition, providing insights into surface chemistry of oxide solution interfaces.</p><p></p>

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An electrophoretic study of nickel ferrite particles in high-temperature aqueous solutions using particle image velocimetry

  • Hemanth Peddavenkatappagari,
  • Nelson Colman,
  • Ridge M. Bachman,
  • Matthew Armstrong,
  • John G. Arnason,
  • Derek M. Hall

摘要

Metal oxide deposition on the inner surfaces of power plant systems reduces heat transfer efficiency and promotes localized corrosion. Nickel ferrite (NixFe1-xFe2O4; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is a common yet understudied corrosion product in pressurized water reactors. Conventional electrophoretic studies inaccurately addressed background thermal convection, complicating the isolation of electrophoretic components. Herein, we integrated particle image velocimetry into a hydrothermal cell, to enable precise electrophoretic mobility measurements up to 250 °C. This approach was first validated by measuring the mobilities of zirconium dioxide at 25 °C and 200 °C. Electrophoretic mobilities of Ni0.37Fe0.63Fe2O4 particles were measured up to 250 °C at 50 bar, using HNO3 and KOH as pH modifiers. Results showed the isoelectric point decreased from 5.9 ± 0.1 at 150 °C, plateauing at 5.6 ± 0.1 above 230 °C indicating that higher temperatures favored further deprotonation of surface sites. Thermodynamic analysis indicated surface deprotonation was spontaneous (ΔG° = −43 ± 1 kJ mol−1) and exothermic (ΔH° = − 40 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1) with its favorability increasing due to its positive entropy (ΔS° = 10 ± 2 J mol−1 K−1). This study highlights PIV as a reliable and rapid tool for electrophoretic data acquisition, providing insights into surface chemistry of oxide solution interfaces.