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<p>Conformal, high-density, and high-power integration for radio frequency systems is critical to future wireless communications. Alumina ceramic offers significant potential owing to its ultra-low dielectric loss tangent. However, wireless systems that exploit alumina’s thermal advantages remain unexplored. In this work, we developed a flexible alumina-based radio frequency system that integrates active components and antenna patches on a single substrate, achieving intrinsic heat spreading and high electromagnetic performance simultaneously, while maintaining its mechanical flexibility. An <i>X</i>-band array prototype demonstrated uniform temperature distribution with an average reduction of 11.5 °C in the power amplifier temperature at 1.1 W dissipation, and a larger mm-wave array further validated the scalability of our strategy and its robustness at higher frequencies. These results confirm flexible alumina as a promising substrate that is a suitable electromagnetic medium with heat-spreading capability. This work also demonstrates the use of material-circuit co-optimization in which electromagnetic performance and thermal behaviors are jointly engineered.</p>

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Trinity Antennas: flexible active radio frequency systems with intrinsic heat spreading

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Yizhou Jiang,
  • Yanzhen Li,
  • Evgeny Zamburg,
  • Gan Zhang,
  • Jin Feng Leong,
  • Xiangyu Zhang,
  • Lanrik Kester,
  • Ling Cai,
  • Cheng-Gang Zhuang,
  • Theng Huat Gan,
  • Xiaodong Chen,
  • Aaron Voon-Yew Thean

摘要

Conformal, high-density, and high-power integration for radio frequency systems is critical to future wireless communications. Alumina ceramic offers significant potential owing to its ultra-low dielectric loss tangent. However, wireless systems that exploit alumina’s thermal advantages remain unexplored. In this work, we developed a flexible alumina-based radio frequency system that integrates active components and antenna patches on a single substrate, achieving intrinsic heat spreading and high electromagnetic performance simultaneously, while maintaining its mechanical flexibility. An X-band array prototype demonstrated uniform temperature distribution with an average reduction of 11.5 °C in the power amplifier temperature at 1.1 W dissipation, and a larger mm-wave array further validated the scalability of our strategy and its robustness at higher frequencies. These results confirm flexible alumina as a promising substrate that is a suitable electromagnetic medium with heat-spreading capability. This work also demonstrates the use of material-circuit co-optimization in which electromagnetic performance and thermal behaviors are jointly engineered.