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<p>Human skin senses pressures from gentle touch (~100 Pa) to forceful grip (~600 kPa) while remaining sensitive under load. Yet replicating this capability synthetically remains challenging: conventional pressure sensors suffer from trade-offs between sensitivity and dynamic range, whereas tunable sensors exhibit restricted ranges or blind spots at intermediate pressures. Here, we report a thermally switchable, multi-mode adaptable pressure sensor (MAPS) enabling continuous, blind-spot-free sensing from ~2 Pa to 1.6 MPa. MAPS integrates multiple liquid metals with distinct melting points, producing four programmable sensing modes via phase transitions. Fully liquid and solid states respectively maximize sensitivity and measurable range, while mixed-phase states preserve high sensitivity under moderate pressures. Integrated into a smart glove, MAPS captures signals spanning delicate pulses, grip-level forces, and extreme loads. Critically, reliable pulse detection under loads confirms load-tolerant, blind-spot-free operation. MAPS establishes a generalizable multi-mode sensing platform that overcomes trade-offs between sensitivity and dynamic range in pressure sensors.</p>

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Skin-like blind-spot-free tactile sensing via phase-programmable multimode liquid metal pressure sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Yejin Ahn,
  • Simok Lee,
  • Choong Yeon Kim,
  • Jae-Woong Jeong

摘要

Human skin senses pressures from gentle touch (~100 Pa) to forceful grip (~600 kPa) while remaining sensitive under load. Yet replicating this capability synthetically remains challenging: conventional pressure sensors suffer from trade-offs between sensitivity and dynamic range, whereas tunable sensors exhibit restricted ranges or blind spots at intermediate pressures. Here, we report a thermally switchable, multi-mode adaptable pressure sensor (MAPS) enabling continuous, blind-spot-free sensing from ~2 Pa to 1.6 MPa. MAPS integrates multiple liquid metals with distinct melting points, producing four programmable sensing modes via phase transitions. Fully liquid and solid states respectively maximize sensitivity and measurable range, while mixed-phase states preserve high sensitivity under moderate pressures. Integrated into a smart glove, MAPS captures signals spanning delicate pulses, grip-level forces, and extreme loads. Critically, reliable pulse detection under loads confirms load-tolerant, blind-spot-free operation. MAPS establishes a generalizable multi-mode sensing platform that overcomes trade-offs between sensitivity and dynamic range in pressure sensors.