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<p>Ferroelectrics with multifunctionalities are gaining increased interest in self-actuated electrocaloric effect (ECE) refrigerators. However, achieving high ECE and electromechanical (EM) coupling concomitantly for maximum heat transfer remains challenging. Here we present the structure-property relationship for poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>co</i>-trifluoroethylene-<i>co</i>-chlorofluoroethylene-<i>co</i>-double bond), P(VDF-TrFE-CFE-DB), tetrapolymer, which exhibited a high ECE entropy change of 66.5 J Kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and EM strain of −6.1%. We show that thermal treatment can be a key factor influencing multifunctional properties. High-temperature annealing incorporates DB and CFE units into crystalline grains to form extended-chain crystals, enabling CFE units to induce relaxor behavior and DB units to induce large structural changes at low electric fields. This synergy leads to an enhancement in both ECE and EM performances. Furthermore, at an optimized temperature of 50 °C, the annealed films exhibit giant cross-energy coupling, achieving ECE and EM performances of 100.8 J Kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and −7.6%. This study provides insights into developing new ferroelectric polymers with electroactive multifunctionalities.</p>

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Hierarchal structures tuned electrocaloric and electromechanical performance in PVDF-based tetrapolymers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Guanchun Rui,
  • Wenyi Zhu,
  • Qin Zou,
  • Li Li,
  • Siyu Wu,
  • Ruipeng Li,
  • Raymond Khayat,
  • Mark A. Aubart,
  • Thierry Lannuzel,
  • Fabrice Domingues Dos Santos,
  • Lei Zhu,
  • Q. M. Zhang

摘要

Ferroelectrics with multifunctionalities are gaining increased interest in self-actuated electrocaloric effect (ECE) refrigerators. However, achieving high ECE and electromechanical (EM) coupling concomitantly for maximum heat transfer remains challenging. Here we present the structure-property relationship for poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene-co-chlorofluoroethylene-co-double bond), P(VDF-TrFE-CFE-DB), tetrapolymer, which exhibited a high ECE entropy change of 66.5 J Kg−1 K−1 and EM strain of −6.1%. We show that thermal treatment can be a key factor influencing multifunctional properties. High-temperature annealing incorporates DB and CFE units into crystalline grains to form extended-chain crystals, enabling CFE units to induce relaxor behavior and DB units to induce large structural changes at low electric fields. This synergy leads to an enhancement in both ECE and EM performances. Furthermore, at an optimized temperature of 50 °C, the annealed films exhibit giant cross-energy coupling, achieving ECE and EM performances of 100.8 J Kg−1 K−1 and −7.6%. This study provides insights into developing new ferroelectric polymers with electroactive multifunctionalities.