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<p>Urolithins are a class of bioactive metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary ellagitannins by the human gut microbiota. In the gut, urolithins are dehydroxylated regioselectively based on microbiota composition and activity. A single 9-hydroxy urolithin dehydroxylase (<i>ucd</i>) operon in gut resident <i>Enterocloster</i> species has been described to date; however, most enzymes in the urolithin metabolic pathway remain uncharacterized. Here, we investigate urolithin cross-feeding between members of the gut microbiota and discover a novel urolithin dehydroxylase in a subset of <i>Enterocloster</i> species. We show that urolithin intermediates, released by gut resident <i>Gordonibacter</i> species during ellagic acid metabolism, are dehydroxylated at both the 9- and 10-positions by <i>E. asparagiformis</i>, <i>E. citroniae</i>, and <i>E. pacaense</i>, but not <i>E. bolteae</i>. Using untargeted proteomics, we uncover a 10-hydroxy urolithin dehydroxylase operon, termed <i>uxd</i>, responsible for these species-specific differences in urolithin metabolism. By inducing <i>uxd</i> expression with diverse urolithins, we show that 9-hydroxy urolithins are required for <i>uxd</i> transcription and 10-position dehydroxylation. Collectively, this study reveals some of the genes, proteins, and substrate features underlying differences in urolithin metabolism by the human gut microbiota.</p>

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The presence and induction of regioselective dehydroxylases dictate urolithin metabolism by Enterocloster species

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Reilly Pidgeon,
  • Arianna Giurleo,
  • Lharbi Dridi,
  • Bastien Castagner

摘要

Urolithins are a class of bioactive metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary ellagitannins by the human gut microbiota. In the gut, urolithins are dehydroxylated regioselectively based on microbiota composition and activity. A single 9-hydroxy urolithin dehydroxylase (ucd) operon in gut resident Enterocloster species has been described to date; however, most enzymes in the urolithin metabolic pathway remain uncharacterized. Here, we investigate urolithin cross-feeding between members of the gut microbiota and discover a novel urolithin dehydroxylase in a subset of Enterocloster species. We show that urolithin intermediates, released by gut resident Gordonibacter species during ellagic acid metabolism, are dehydroxylated at both the 9- and 10-positions by E. asparagiformis, E. citroniae, and E. pacaense, but not E. bolteae. Using untargeted proteomics, we uncover a 10-hydroxy urolithin dehydroxylase operon, termed uxd, responsible for these species-specific differences in urolithin metabolism. By inducing uxd expression with diverse urolithins, we show that 9-hydroxy urolithins are required for uxd transcription and 10-position dehydroxylation. Collectively, this study reveals some of the genes, proteins, and substrate features underlying differences in urolithin metabolism by the human gut microbiota.