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<p>While <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is the predominant pathogen in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), polymicrobial infections involving Gram-negative organisms, such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>, complicate clinical outcomes. Little is known regarding implant-associated polymicrobial interactions; consequently, current PJI treatments are not optimized for their treatment. This study explored the dynamics of <i>S. aureus-E. coli</i> dual-species biofilms, focusing on biofilm properties, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular interactions. Co-culture experiments revealed that <i>E. coli</i> significantly suppressed <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm viability, observed for methicillin-susceptible <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA). Microscopic analyses demonstrated enhanced <i>E. coli</i> attachment facilitated by <i>S. aureus</i> matrix proteins; however, over time, <i>E. coli</i> dominated the biofilm composition. In the presence of <i>E. coli</i>, MSSA biofilm exhibited improved gentamicin susceptibility while MRSA showed limited change, underscoring strain-specific interactions. Notably, <i>E. coli</i> biofilms exhibited enhanced resistance to gentamicin in dual-species settings. Gene expression profiling revealed molecular adaptation in <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, triggered by the differential regulation of stress, adhesion, virulence, and biofilm-associated genes within a dual-species implant-associated biofilm. The suppression of <i>S. aureus</i> by <i>E. coli</i> presents potential therapeutic avenues, and in vivo studies and mechanistic investigations are crucial for optimizing treatment strategies targeting polymicrobial PJIs.</p>

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Characterizing interactions of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in dual-species implant-associated biofilms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Amita Sekar,
  • Fawaz Ben Malick,
  • Shweta Uma Deepak,
  • Nicoletta Inverardi,
  • Dillon Murugesan,
  • Orhun K. Muratoglu,
  • Ebru Oral

摘要

While Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), polymicrobial infections involving Gram-negative organisms, such as Escherichia coli, complicate clinical outcomes. Little is known regarding implant-associated polymicrobial interactions; consequently, current PJI treatments are not optimized for their treatment. This study explored the dynamics of S. aureus-E. coli dual-species biofilms, focusing on biofilm properties, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular interactions. Co-culture experiments revealed that E. coli significantly suppressed S. aureus biofilm viability, observed for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Microscopic analyses demonstrated enhanced E. coli attachment facilitated by S. aureus matrix proteins; however, over time, E. coli dominated the biofilm composition. In the presence of E. coli, MSSA biofilm exhibited improved gentamicin susceptibility while MRSA showed limited change, underscoring strain-specific interactions. Notably, E. coli biofilms exhibited enhanced resistance to gentamicin in dual-species settings. Gene expression profiling revealed molecular adaptation in S. aureus and E. coli, triggered by the differential regulation of stress, adhesion, virulence, and biofilm-associated genes within a dual-species implant-associated biofilm. The suppression of S. aureus by E. coli presents potential therapeutic avenues, and in vivo studies and mechanistic investigations are crucial for optimizing treatment strategies targeting polymicrobial PJIs.