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<p>Cyanobacteria of the <i>Nostoc</i> genus are capable of forming symbiotic relationships with plants but also serve as a hub for heterotrophic bacteria. By comparing the axenic strain <i>Nostoc punctiforme</i> PCC 73102 and the xenic strains <i>Nostoc</i> sp. KVJ2 and KVJ3, we were able to demonstrate an almost obligate dependence of the cyanobacteria on the heterotrophic partners under carbon-limiting conditions. A detailed analysis of the intimate relationship between <i>N. punctiforme</i> and the isolate <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> Het4 using shotgun proteomics and microscopy uncovered a complex partnership characterized by competition for iron and facilitation for carbon. The prevalent extracarboxysomal localization of the carbon-fixing enzyme RubisCO suggests that a weak carbon-concentrating mechanism in <i>N. punctiforme</i> enforces a dependence on heterotrophic bacteria. Our study indicates a limited autonomy of symbiotic <i>Nostoc</i> strains, which may also explain its preference for symbiotic interactions.</p>

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Competition and interdependence define interactions of Nostoc sp. and Agrobacterium sp. under inorganic carbon limitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月8日

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  • Jonna E. Teikari,
  • David A. Russo,
  • Markus Heuser,
  • Otto Baumann,
  • Julie A. Z. Zedler,
  • Anton Liaimer,
  • Elke Dittmann

摘要

Cyanobacteria of the Nostoc genus are capable of forming symbiotic relationships with plants but also serve as a hub for heterotrophic bacteria. By comparing the axenic strain Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and the xenic strains Nostoc sp. KVJ2 and KVJ3, we were able to demonstrate an almost obligate dependence of the cyanobacteria on the heterotrophic partners under carbon-limiting conditions. A detailed analysis of the intimate relationship between N. punctiforme and the isolate Agrobacterium tumefaciens Het4 using shotgun proteomics and microscopy uncovered a complex partnership characterized by competition for iron and facilitation for carbon. The prevalent extracarboxysomal localization of the carbon-fixing enzyme RubisCO suggests that a weak carbon-concentrating mechanism in N. punctiforme enforces a dependence on heterotrophic bacteria. Our study indicates a limited autonomy of symbiotic Nostoc strains, which may also explain its preference for symbiotic interactions.