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<p>Vaginal aging is a multifactorial biological process characterized by structural, functional, and molecular alterations driven primarily by estrogen decline. This review summarizes current evidence on potential biomarkers across five domains: physiological parameters, imaging features, histological changes, and molecular alterations. We further discuss methodological challenges and future research directions necessary to establish standardized and clinically applicable biomarkers. Understanding these biological indicators may facilitate earlier diagnosis, improve patient stratification, and enable personalized therapeutic interventions in women experiencing vaginal aging.</p>

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Vaginal aging: from concealed symptoms to defined biomarkers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Tong Wu,
  • Yibao Huang,
  • Rui Li,
  • Yin Xie,
  • Mingfu Wu

摘要

Vaginal aging is a multifactorial biological process characterized by structural, functional, and molecular alterations driven primarily by estrogen decline. This review summarizes current evidence on potential biomarkers across five domains: physiological parameters, imaging features, histological changes, and molecular alterations. We further discuss methodological challenges and future research directions necessary to establish standardized and clinically applicable biomarkers. Understanding these biological indicators may facilitate earlier diagnosis, improve patient stratification, and enable personalized therapeutic interventions in women experiencing vaginal aging.