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<p>Plants decode environmental light cues through photoreceptors to orchestrate growth and developmental programs. Upon photon absorption, photoreceptor proteins transition from non-photoexcited to photoexcited states, with most functional studies focusing on the activities of the photoexcited form. However, emerging evidence reveals that non-photoexcited photoreceptors exert distinct biological functions in darkness, suggesting unexpected complexity in photon-mediated signalling. In this Perspective, we enumerate current observations underpinning photoreceptor-mediated control of plant development in darkness, categorize mechanisms of photon-dependent modulation and propose an expanded conceptual model that integrates both photoexcited and non-photoexcited activities. These insights reassess the previously overlooked importance of darkness, redefining light and darkness as dynamic, multidimensional regulators of plant physiology.</p>

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Decoding darkness by seeking photoreceptor functions with and without light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Desheng Zeng,
  • Hongtao Liu

摘要

Plants decode environmental light cues through photoreceptors to orchestrate growth and developmental programs. Upon photon absorption, photoreceptor proteins transition from non-photoexcited to photoexcited states, with most functional studies focusing on the activities of the photoexcited form. However, emerging evidence reveals that non-photoexcited photoreceptors exert distinct biological functions in darkness, suggesting unexpected complexity in photon-mediated signalling. In this Perspective, we enumerate current observations underpinning photoreceptor-mediated control of plant development in darkness, categorize mechanisms of photon-dependent modulation and propose an expanded conceptual model that integrates both photoexcited and non-photoexcited activities. These insights reassess the previously overlooked importance of darkness, redefining light and darkness as dynamic, multidimensional regulators of plant physiology.