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<p>The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase acts as a master regulator of growth by integrating nutrient and environmental signals in eukaryotes. However, how TOR influences chromatin remains poorly understood. Here we identified a multi-subunit complex in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, termed the chromatin-associated complex for growth (CACG). Our findings indicate that under nutrient-rich conditions, active TOR kinase enhances CACG mRNA translation, which is facilitated by pyrimidine-rich motifs in their 5′ untranslated regions. CACG components co-occupy stress-responsive genes marked by histone acetylation, repressing their transcription to promote growth. Conversely, under nutrient-deficient conditions, inactive TOR reduces CACG mRNA translation, relieving transcriptional repression of stress-responsive genes and leading to increased stress tolerance but impaired growth. These results indicate that the CACG complex acts as a critical nutrient-responsive transcriptional regulator that is required for coordinating plant growth and stress tolerance in a TOR-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism revealed here could aid in developing high-yield crops capable of thriving in adverse environments.</p>

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Nutrient-driven TOR signalling controls a chromatin-associated complex for orchestrating plant growth and stress tolerance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Xin Wang,
  • Zhen-Zhen Liu,
  • Dan-Yang Yuan,
  • Yu-Jia Lu,
  • Lin Li,
  • She Chen,
  • Xin-Jian He

摘要

The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase acts as a master regulator of growth by integrating nutrient and environmental signals in eukaryotes. However, how TOR influences chromatin remains poorly understood. Here we identified a multi-subunit complex in Arabidopsis thaliana, termed the chromatin-associated complex for growth (CACG). Our findings indicate that under nutrient-rich conditions, active TOR kinase enhances CACG mRNA translation, which is facilitated by pyrimidine-rich motifs in their 5′ untranslated regions. CACG components co-occupy stress-responsive genes marked by histone acetylation, repressing their transcription to promote growth. Conversely, under nutrient-deficient conditions, inactive TOR reduces CACG mRNA translation, relieving transcriptional repression of stress-responsive genes and leading to increased stress tolerance but impaired growth. These results indicate that the CACG complex acts as a critical nutrient-responsive transcriptional regulator that is required for coordinating plant growth and stress tolerance in a TOR-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism revealed here could aid in developing high-yield crops capable of thriving in adverse environments.