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<p>Flowering plants rely on double fertilization for their sexual reproduction. A pair of immotile sperm cells (SCs) are conveyed through a pollen tube into the female gametophyte, where they fertilize the egg cell and central cell to give rise to the embryo and endosperm in seeds, respectively<sup><CitationRef AdditionalCitationIDS="CR2 CR3" CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>–<CitationRef CitationID="CR4">4</CitationRef></sup>. The SCs and the pollen vegetative nucleus (VN) move as a male germ unit (MGU) in pollen tubes<sup><CitationRef CitationID="CR5">5</CitationRef>,<CitationRef CitationID="CR6">6</CitationRef></sup>. The tryptophan-proline-proline (WPP) domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WITs) and WPP domain-interacting proteins (WIPs) are involved in VN migration, and the cytoskeleton is required for MGU transportation in pollen tubes<sup><CitationRef AdditionalCitationIDS="CR8 CR9 CR10" CitationID="CR7">7</CitationRef>–<CitationRef CitationID="CR11">11</CitationRef></sup>. Here we report that two kinesins, referred to as HUG1 and HUG2, localize at the VN envelope in a WIT- and WIP-dependent manner and surround the SCs in pollen. Mutation of <i>HUG1</i> and <i>HUG2</i> leads to disconnected VN and SCs, impaired MGU transportation and reduced plant fertility, supporting key roles of HUG proteins in MGU formation and transportation in pollen.</p>

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Kinesin proteins HUG1 and HUG2 are essential for the formation and transportation of male germ units in Arabidopsis pollen tubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Yu Yan,
  • Liufeng Dai,
  • Baojie Wang,
  • Ting Wang,
  • Zhenping Sun,
  • Yunzi Wang,
  • Chengcheng Xing,
  • Jing Zhou,
  • Xiaoyan Luo,
  • Yu Zhu,
  • Heather E. McFarlane,
  • Yu Gong,
  • Xiaoxia Zhang,
  • Bo Xu,
  • Yuping Hu,
  • Haiyun Ren,
  • Yi Zhang

摘要

Flowering plants rely on double fertilization for their sexual reproduction. A pair of immotile sperm cells (SCs) are conveyed through a pollen tube into the female gametophyte, where they fertilize the egg cell and central cell to give rise to the embryo and endosperm in seeds, respectively1–4. The SCs and the pollen vegetative nucleus (VN) move as a male germ unit (MGU) in pollen tubes5,6. The tryptophan-proline-proline (WPP) domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WITs) and WPP domain-interacting proteins (WIPs) are involved in VN migration, and the cytoskeleton is required for MGU transportation in pollen tubes7–11. Here we report that two kinesins, referred to as HUG1 and HUG2, localize at the VN envelope in a WIT- and WIP-dependent manner and surround the SCs in pollen. Mutation of HUG1 and HUG2 leads to disconnected VN and SCs, impaired MGU transportation and reduced plant fertility, supporting key roles of HUG proteins in MGU formation and transportation in pollen.