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<p>Transparent ceramics are critical for advanced optics and armor, but shaping them into highly curved geometries without degrading their optical and mechanical properties remains a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce a force-driven sintering strategy that harnesses force-induced creep to dynamically control microstructure and curvature through continuous stress release. A hallmark of this process is a dynamic curvature reversal phenomenon, governed by cyclic stress accumulation and release. Using force-driven sintering, we fabricated large-scale (0.5*2*22 cm<sup>3</sup>) curved MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> ceramics exhibiting a high curvature (&gt;5.36&#xa0;m<sup>−1</sup>), and exceptional transmittance exceeding 85% (approaching the theoretical limit), while matching the best-reported mechanical properties. We also demonstrate the versatility of force-driven sintering by producing curved Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transparent ceramics. This method synchronizes external mechanical forces with intrinsic material creep and stress relaxation, enabling the single-step fabrication of complex-shaped, high-performance transparent components. force-driven sintering establishes a scalable and versatile manufacturing paradigm for transparent ceramics in demanding applications.</p>

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Curving transparent ceramics via force-driven sintering

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Xincheng Cai,
  • Xiaoqiang Li,
  • Tiecheng Lu,
  • Zhuoying Jia,
  • Shengquan Yu,
  • Bin Kang,
  • Qiwu Shi,
  • Jianqi Qi

摘要

Transparent ceramics are critical for advanced optics and armor, but shaping them into highly curved geometries without degrading their optical and mechanical properties remains a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce a force-driven sintering strategy that harnesses force-induced creep to dynamically control microstructure and curvature through continuous stress release. A hallmark of this process is a dynamic curvature reversal phenomenon, governed by cyclic stress accumulation and release. Using force-driven sintering, we fabricated large-scale (0.5*2*22 cm3) curved MgAl2O4 ceramics exhibiting a high curvature (>5.36 m−1), and exceptional transmittance exceeding 85% (approaching the theoretical limit), while matching the best-reported mechanical properties. We also demonstrate the versatility of force-driven sintering by producing curved Al2O3 transparent ceramics. This method synchronizes external mechanical forces with intrinsic material creep and stress relaxation, enabling the single-step fabrication of complex-shaped, high-performance transparent components. force-driven sintering establishes a scalable and versatile manufacturing paradigm for transparent ceramics in demanding applications.