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<p>Hydrogen energy is critical for decarbonizing the hard-to-electrify shipping sector and improving air quality. However, the associated health and economic co-benefits remain unclear. Here we assess the health and economic impacts of feasible hydrogen transition scenarios in global shipping using an integrated emission-air quality-health modeling framework. Our results show that hydrogen adoption could avert approximately 129,500 (95% confidence interval: 68,300–202,200) premature mortalities annually—75% attributable to ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) concentration reduction and 25% attributable to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) decline—with the greatest O<sub>3</sub>-attributable health gains in Southern Asia and PM<sub>2.5</sub>-attributable gains in Eastern Asia. These health benefits are estimated to save an economic cost of approximately US$306 billion&#xa0;(US$146–488 billion), with India, Japan and the United States of America receiving the largest economic benefit. The findings highlight the potential of hydrogen-based shipping decarbonization to deliver substantial public health and economic co-benefits.</p>

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Health and economic impacts of improved air quality from transitioning global shipping energy to hydrogen

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Qi Ran,
  • Benjamin Gaubert,
  • Tingting Fang,
  • Steve H. L. Yim

摘要

Hydrogen energy is critical for decarbonizing the hard-to-electrify shipping sector and improving air quality. However, the associated health and economic co-benefits remain unclear. Here we assess the health and economic impacts of feasible hydrogen transition scenarios in global shipping using an integrated emission-air quality-health modeling framework. Our results show that hydrogen adoption could avert approximately 129,500 (95% confidence interval: 68,300–202,200) premature mortalities annually—75% attributable to ozone (O3) concentration reduction and 25% attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decline—with the greatest O3-attributable health gains in Southern Asia and PM2.5-attributable gains in Eastern Asia. These health benefits are estimated to save an economic cost of approximately US$306 billion (US$146–488 billion), with India, Japan and the United States of America receiving the largest economic benefit. The findings highlight the potential of hydrogen-based shipping decarbonization to deliver substantial public health and economic co-benefits.