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<p>The transition to renewable energy for climate mitigation often involves trade-offs with regional priorities, owning to resource competition and potential ecological impacts. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic strategy. This study examines the potential of Hydropower–Photovoltaic–Wind–Pump renewable energy base (HPWP-base) in the Yellow River Basin in China—a region facing significant sustainability pressures, to balance energy, water, and ecology. Annually, the HPWP-base could replace 23.8% (249.4 tera watt hours) of coal-fired electricity generation. Such a basin-wide transition enables 28.0% reduction in energy-related emissions, 31.5% decline in electricity-sector water consumption, and 9.0% restoration of ecosystem carbon storage. These synergistic outcomes, attained through established technologies (pump&#xa0;and storage hydropower, basin-wide cooperation, and grid expansion), show the practicality of the HPWP-base. Therefore, it can serve as a solution to accelerate regional electricity transformation while advancing sustainable development, and enable policymakers to appreciate how to link renewable energy transition with multiple sustainable goals.</p>

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Balancing energy, water, and ecology through renewable energy transitions in the Yellow River Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Chuandong Wu,
  • Dawen Yang,
  • Ximing Cai,
  • Deliang Chen,
  • Yuting Yang,
  • Taihua Wang,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Jianshi Zhao,
  • Bojie Fu

摘要

The transition to renewable energy for climate mitigation often involves trade-offs with regional priorities, owning to resource competition and potential ecological impacts. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic strategy. This study examines the potential of Hydropower–Photovoltaic–Wind–Pump renewable energy base (HPWP-base) in the Yellow River Basin in China—a region facing significant sustainability pressures, to balance energy, water, and ecology. Annually, the HPWP-base could replace 23.8% (249.4 tera watt hours) of coal-fired electricity generation. Such a basin-wide transition enables 28.0% reduction in energy-related emissions, 31.5% decline in electricity-sector water consumption, and 9.0% restoration of ecosystem carbon storage. These synergistic outcomes, attained through established technologies (pump and storage hydropower, basin-wide cooperation, and grid expansion), show the practicality of the HPWP-base. Therefore, it can serve as a solution to accelerate regional electricity transformation while advancing sustainable development, and enable policymakers to appreciate how to link renewable energy transition with multiple sustainable goals.