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<p>In quantum physics, classical optics, and many other wave systems, wave confinement in a finite domain leads to discrete eigenstates that typically exhibit spatially nonuniform, oscillatory profiles. A long-standing question is whether a confined system can counterintuitively support an eigenstate with a uniform, nonzero envelope, offering new opportunities for quantum emitters, optical antennas, and lasers. Here, we show that such a state can be realized through spatial phase engineering that acts as an artificial gauge potential. By continuously tuning the accumulated phase, the eigenvalue spectra undergo a spectral flow that reshapes the profiles of the eigenstates, enabling the formation of a flat-top state with a uniform yet nontrivial envelope. We implement this concept in a photonic crystal slab, where a central bulk region is surrounded by heterogeneous band gaps that tailor reflection phases to serve as an artificial local gauge field. By inducing single-mode lasing, we probe the morphing of mode envelope profiles, demonstrating a continuous transition from conventional oscillatory states to a flat-top state via near- and far-field measurements.</p>

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Wave morphing towards the flat-top envelope in photonics systems driven by artificial gauge fields

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Peishen Li,
  • Xiaoyu Zhang,
  • Feifan Wang,
  • Ye Chen,
  • Xuefan Yin,
  • Chao Peng

摘要

In quantum physics, classical optics, and many other wave systems, wave confinement in a finite domain leads to discrete eigenstates that typically exhibit spatially nonuniform, oscillatory profiles. A long-standing question is whether a confined system can counterintuitively support an eigenstate with a uniform, nonzero envelope, offering new opportunities for quantum emitters, optical antennas, and lasers. Here, we show that such a state can be realized through spatial phase engineering that acts as an artificial gauge potential. By continuously tuning the accumulated phase, the eigenvalue spectra undergo a spectral flow that reshapes the profiles of the eigenstates, enabling the formation of a flat-top state with a uniform yet nontrivial envelope. We implement this concept in a photonic crystal slab, where a central bulk region is surrounded by heterogeneous band gaps that tailor reflection phases to serve as an artificial local gauge field. By inducing single-mode lasing, we probe the morphing of mode envelope profiles, demonstrating a continuous transition from conventional oscillatory states to a flat-top state via near- and far-field measurements.