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<p>Human functional brain networks, originating from coherent fluctuations in brain activity, are organized along a hierarchical axis. However, how this stable hierarchical architecture emerges from time-varying co-fluctuations remains unknown. Existing dynamic analyses have primarily focused on high-amplitude co-fluctuations, largely overlooking the contribution of lower-amplitude activity. Here, we investigated the amplitude-dependent configurations of regional co-fluctuation. We found that these patterns were hierarchically aligned with the sensorimotor-association (SA) axis: sensorimotor networks are preferentially expressed during high-amplitude co-fluctuations, associative systems prevailed during intermediate amplitudes, and limbic system preferentially engaged in low-amplitude states. This amplitude-stratified hierarchy underwent developmental refinement from childhood to adulthood and adaptively reconfigured under naturalistic stimuli. Replicated across four independent datasets including 7 T fMRI, these findings uncover a fundamental principle whereby the brain’s hierarchical architecture is actively preserved through a structured, amplitude-dependent cascade of functional co-fluctuations. Our framework bridges dynamic coordination and stable architecture, demonstrating how the brain balances external processing with internal cognition through amplitude-stratified interactions.</p>

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Human cortex organizes dynamic co-fluctuations along the sensorimotor-association axis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • De-Zhi Jin,
  • Changsong Zhou,
  • Xi-Nian Zuo,
  • Joshua Faskowitz,
  • Ting Xu,
  • Ye He

摘要

Human functional brain networks, originating from coherent fluctuations in brain activity, are organized along a hierarchical axis. However, how this stable hierarchical architecture emerges from time-varying co-fluctuations remains unknown. Existing dynamic analyses have primarily focused on high-amplitude co-fluctuations, largely overlooking the contribution of lower-amplitude activity. Here, we investigated the amplitude-dependent configurations of regional co-fluctuation. We found that these patterns were hierarchically aligned with the sensorimotor-association (SA) axis: sensorimotor networks are preferentially expressed during high-amplitude co-fluctuations, associative systems prevailed during intermediate amplitudes, and limbic system preferentially engaged in low-amplitude states. This amplitude-stratified hierarchy underwent developmental refinement from childhood to adulthood and adaptively reconfigured under naturalistic stimuli. Replicated across four independent datasets including 7 T fMRI, these findings uncover a fundamental principle whereby the brain’s hierarchical architecture is actively preserved through a structured, amplitude-dependent cascade of functional co-fluctuations. Our framework bridges dynamic coordination and stable architecture, demonstrating how the brain balances external processing with internal cognition through amplitude-stratified interactions.