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<p>Hydrothermal systems in volcanic calderas are critical in signalling volcanic unrest, forming ore deposits, and sustaining chemosynthetic microorganisms. Analysis of a ~3500-year sequence of sediments collected from the Santorini caldera, Greece, during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 398 reveals the behaviour of a prolonged paleo-hydrothermal system. Sediment geochemical and metagenomic data record vigorous hydrothermal activity and metal fluxes for ~1100 years, within a 2270-year window between two major eruptions. Sediment hydrothermally-derived trace metals are significantly enriched over background (~200-fold for As and Hg, and 10–50-fold for Mn, Sb, Mo, and V), with long-term metal fluxes (9 t yr<sup>−1</sup> As, 2.5 t yr<sup>−1</sup> Cu, 7 kg yr<sup>−1</sup> Ag) comparable to fluxes from present-day geothermal fields in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Metagenomic analysis identifies elevated metal resistance genes—signals of microbial adaptation to heightened hydrothermal stressors. Here we integrate geological and genomic evidence to decipher the paleoenvironmental and biogeochemical history of the past hydrothermal system at Santorini caldera.</p>

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A prolonged hydrothermal past at Santorini Caldera revealed by sedimentary trace metal and microbial signatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Sofia Della Sala,
  • Vasiliki Papadimitriou,
  • Paraskevi Polymenakou,
  • Steffen Kutterolf,
  • Joost Frieling,
  • David M. Pyle,
  • Tamsin A. Mather,
  • Stephanos Kilias,
  • Christopher K. Jones,
  • Tim Druitt,
  • Jonas Preine,
  • Christian Hübscher,
  • Paraskevi Nomikou,
  • Olga Koukousioura,
  • Thomas A. Ronge,
  • Sarah Beethe,
  • Katharina Pank,
  • Carole Berthod,
  • Hehe Chen,
  • Shun Chiyonobu,
  • Acacia Clark,
  • Susan DeBari,
  • Ralf Gertisser,
  • Raymond Johnston,
  • Michael Manga,
  • Molly McCanta,
  • Iona McIntosh,
  • Ally Peccia,
  • Masako Tominaga,
  • Yuzuru Yamamoto,
  • Adam Woodhouse,
  • Alexis Bernard,
  • Tatiana Fernandez Perez,
  • Kumar Batuk Joshi,
  • Günther Kletetschka,
  • Antony Morris,
  • Xiaohui Li,
  • Dimitrios Papanikolaou

摘要

Hydrothermal systems in volcanic calderas are critical in signalling volcanic unrest, forming ore deposits, and sustaining chemosynthetic microorganisms. Analysis of a ~3500-year sequence of sediments collected from the Santorini caldera, Greece, during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 398 reveals the behaviour of a prolonged paleo-hydrothermal system. Sediment geochemical and metagenomic data record vigorous hydrothermal activity and metal fluxes for ~1100 years, within a 2270-year window between two major eruptions. Sediment hydrothermally-derived trace metals are significantly enriched over background (~200-fold for As and Hg, and 10–50-fold for Mn, Sb, Mo, and V), with long-term metal fluxes (9 t yr−1 As, 2.5 t yr−1 Cu, 7 kg yr−1 Ag) comparable to fluxes from present-day geothermal fields in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. Metagenomic analysis identifies elevated metal resistance genes—signals of microbial adaptation to heightened hydrothermal stressors. Here we integrate geological and genomic evidence to decipher the paleoenvironmental and biogeochemical history of the past hydrothermal system at Santorini caldera.