<p>Direct air capture (DAC) is critical to achieve carbon neutrality, yet current technologies face significant barriers to widespread, cost-effective deployment. Amine-based electric swing adsorption (ESA) offers a promising low-energy, steam-free pathway, but its efficiency is fundamentally limited by an inherent 2:1 amine-to-CO<sub>2</sub> stoichiometric penalty. Here, we overcome this bottleneck by engineering a point defect-mediated proton trapping network into ESA sorbents, enabling a 1:1 amine-CO<sub>2</sub> stoichiometry. Our engineered sorbent achieves a CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of 6.57 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> from 400 ppm CO<sub>2</sub>, a 28.8% improvement over the state-of-the-art sorbents. Regeneration is achieved with a low energy input of 3.4 GJ t<sup>−1</sup> and exhibits a CO<sub>2</sub> release rate 48% faster than conventional thermal methods. <i>N</i>5-<i>d</i>GA remains stable under 0-80% relative humidity fluctuations and at a gas velocity of 1 m s<sup>−1</sup>. Techno-economic analysis projects DAC operating costs of $48-62 t<sup>−1</sup> using renewable electricity, up to 78% lower than temperature swing adsorption DAC and below the $100 t<sup>−1</sup> CO<sub>2</sub> target. This work presents a sorbent design and ESA process, establishing a scientifically rigorous and economically viable pathway towards gigaton-scale DAC deployment.</p>

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Proton trap engineered electric swing adsorption for scalable and cost-effective direct air capture

  • Yao Shen,
  • Kai Pang,
  • Weichen Zhao,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Jingkai Zhao,
  • Jiexu Ye,
  • Beini Zhang,
  • Sujing Li,
  • Wei Li,
  • Zhen Xu,
  • Jing Meng,
  • Xiang Gao,
  • Shihan Zhang

摘要

Direct air capture (DAC) is critical to achieve carbon neutrality, yet current technologies face significant barriers to widespread, cost-effective deployment. Amine-based electric swing adsorption (ESA) offers a promising low-energy, steam-free pathway, but its efficiency is fundamentally limited by an inherent 2:1 amine-to-CO2 stoichiometric penalty. Here, we overcome this bottleneck by engineering a point defect-mediated proton trapping network into ESA sorbents, enabling a 1:1 amine-CO2 stoichiometry. Our engineered sorbent achieves a CO2 uptake of 6.57 mmol g−1 from 400 ppm CO2, a 28.8% improvement over the state-of-the-art sorbents. Regeneration is achieved with a low energy input of 3.4 GJ t−1 and exhibits a CO2 release rate 48% faster than conventional thermal methods. N5-dGA remains stable under 0-80% relative humidity fluctuations and at a gas velocity of 1 m s−1. Techno-economic analysis projects DAC operating costs of $48-62 t−1 using renewable electricity, up to 78% lower than temperature swing adsorption DAC and below the $100 t−1 CO2 target. This work presents a sorbent design and ESA process, establishing a scientifically rigorous and economically viable pathway towards gigaton-scale DAC deployment.