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<p>Transcranial-focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique capable of targeting deep brain regions with high precision. However, its mechanisms of action – particularly how it modulates neuronal activity and relates to fMRI BOLD signals – remain poorly understood. Using the macaque monkey thalamus and insular cortex as a model system, we show that low-intensity FUS evokes localized BOLD increases and preferentially modulates low-frequency (Delta, Theta, and Alpha) local field potentials and single-unit spiking in the ventroposterior lateral (VPL) nucleus, as well as through remote stimulation of the insular cortex. Compared with vibrotactile stimulation, FUS-evoked responses exhibit slower peak latencies. Importantly, we observe strong spatial correspondence between ultrasound-induced changes in spiking, LFP activity, and BOLD signals. These findings define the temporal and spatial characteristics of FUS neuromodulation and demonstrate the feasibility of precise, non-invasive targeting of deep brain circuits, supporting its translational potential for neuroscience and therapeutic applications.</p>

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Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates spiking, LFP, and BOLD activity in the primate thalamus

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Ning Zheng,
  • Pai-Feng Yang,
  • M. Anthony Phipps,
  • Jiro Kusunose,
  • Arabinda Mishra,
  • Jixin Xia,
  • William Rodriguez,
  • Allen T. Newton,
  • Benoit M. Dawant,
  • John C. Gore,
  • Charles F. Caskey,
  • Li Min Chen

摘要

Transcranial-focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique capable of targeting deep brain regions with high precision. However, its mechanisms of action – particularly how it modulates neuronal activity and relates to fMRI BOLD signals – remain poorly understood. Using the macaque monkey thalamus and insular cortex as a model system, we show that low-intensity FUS evokes localized BOLD increases and preferentially modulates low-frequency (Delta, Theta, and Alpha) local field potentials and single-unit spiking in the ventroposterior lateral (VPL) nucleus, as well as through remote stimulation of the insular cortex. Compared with vibrotactile stimulation, FUS-evoked responses exhibit slower peak latencies. Importantly, we observe strong spatial correspondence between ultrasound-induced changes in spiking, LFP activity, and BOLD signals. These findings define the temporal and spatial characteristics of FUS neuromodulation and demonstrate the feasibility of precise, non-invasive targeting of deep brain circuits, supporting its translational potential for neuroscience and therapeutic applications.