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<p>The durability and cost of iridium-based anodes remain key challenges for high-current density operation of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Here, we report a dual-interface stabilization strategy based on atomic layer deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub> onto IrO<sub>2</sub> catalysts. The resulting anodes sustain operation at 3.0 A cm<sup>−2</sup> for 2600 h with near-zero voltage degradation at an iridium loading of 0.4 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>, whereas bare IrO<sub>2</sub> exhibits continuous voltage decay over 1000 h at a rate of 31.5 mV kh<sup>−1</sup>. Combined experimental characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that interfacial Ti-O-Ir coupling suppresses Ir over-oxidation and dissolution, while the TiO<sub>2</sub>-coated surface strengthens ionomer-catalyst interactions and preserves mass-transport pathways during prolonged operation. This strategy is fully compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing, enabling industrially scalable implementation. This interfacial engineering approach offers a generalizable design principle for extending electrolyzer lifetime and reducing precious-metal loading across diverse electrochemical energy conversion technologies.</p>

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Dual-interface stabilization of low-iridium anodes for durable proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Eui Tae Kim,
  • Sangwoo Kim,
  • Sung-Eun Park,
  • Pumsuk Park,
  • Eunbyeol Ko,
  • Jemee Joe,
  • Ho Yeon Son,
  • Juyeon Kang,
  • Julie Junesoo Kim,
  • Kibeom Cheon,
  • Kyungin Kim,
  • Soree Kim,
  • Geunsung Lee,
  • Jaehak Jeong,
  • Manki Cho,
  • Noma Kim,
  • Jai Hyun Koh,
  • Kihwan Kim

摘要

The durability and cost of iridium-based anodes remain key challenges for high-current density operation of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Here, we report a dual-interface stabilization strategy based on atomic layer deposition of TiO2 onto IrO2 catalysts. The resulting anodes sustain operation at 3.0 A cm−2 for 2600 h with near-zero voltage degradation at an iridium loading of 0.4 mg cm−2, whereas bare IrO2 exhibits continuous voltage decay over 1000 h at a rate of 31.5 mV kh−1. Combined experimental characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that interfacial Ti-O-Ir coupling suppresses Ir over-oxidation and dissolution, while the TiO2-coated surface strengthens ionomer-catalyst interactions and preserves mass-transport pathways during prolonged operation. This strategy is fully compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing, enabling industrially scalable implementation. This interfacial engineering approach offers a generalizable design principle for extending electrolyzer lifetime and reducing precious-metal loading across diverse electrochemical energy conversion technologies.