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<p>Ultrafast light emission from plasmonic nanostructures provides a sensitive probe of the energetic electrons generated by intense optical excitation. The way this emission scales with excitation intensity has long been read through the lens of heated electron populations at an elevated temperature, yet this picture cannot reconcile the variety of behaviors seen across different materials and experiments. We argue that transient nonthermal electrons play a far larger role than has been appreciated. We present a unified description that reproduces emission behavior across diverse systems and outline experiments needed to resolve their signatures.</p>

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Signatures of nonthermal carriers in nonlinear photoluminescence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Robert Lemasters,
  • Yuankai Tang,
  • Hayk Harutyunyan

摘要

Ultrafast light emission from plasmonic nanostructures provides a sensitive probe of the energetic electrons generated by intense optical excitation. The way this emission scales with excitation intensity has long been read through the lens of heated electron populations at an elevated temperature, yet this picture cannot reconcile the variety of behaviors seen across different materials and experiments. We argue that transient nonthermal electrons play a far larger role than has been appreciated. We present a unified description that reproduces emission behavior across diverse systems and outline experiments needed to resolve their signatures.