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<p>The Green Revolution of the 1960s significantly boosted cereal yields but incurred substantial environmental costs due to overreliance on chemical fertilizer inputs; thus, future agricultural sustainability demands improved nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE). The semi-dwarf Green Revolution varieties (GRVs) characterized by elevated DELLA protein accumulation introduce a fundamental trade-off, increasing lodging resistance and harvest index at the expense of diminished biomass and grain productivity per plant, and require high nitrogen fertilizer inputs to achieve maximum yield potential under high planting density. Here we show that gibberellin (GA)-bound GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) induces multi-level conformational changes in DELLA protein, affecting its N-terminal DELLA and VHYN/DPT/S and C-terminal VVLV and SAW motifs, thereby facilitating recognition by the SKP1-CULLIN-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex and subsequent proteasomal degradation. We also performed structure-guided engineering of the rice SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)-GID1-GID2 complex and created a series of dwarf alleles exhibiting a continuous spectrum of plant heights in elite cultivars. Notably, the dominant alleles <i>slr1</i><sup><i>Y94A</i></sup> and <i>slr1</i><sup><i>Y580A</i></sup> achieved superior yield and enhanced NUE over conventional <i>sd1-</i>containing GRVs. Reprogramming DELLA turnover thus enables to break the long-standing trade-off between high yield and fertilizer dependency, offering a strategy toward a more sustainable and productive Green Revolution.</p>

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Structure-guided reprogramming of DELLA turnover for a sustainable Green Revolution in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Chongyu Xue,
  • Shuang Zhang,
  • Lihao Wan,
  • Zhihui Zhang,
  • Chenchen Zhang,
  • Huangqi Chen,
  • Kai Peng,
  • Yujie Wang,
  • Jie Hu,
  • Xiuhua Gao,
  • Jiamu Du,
  • Xiangdong Fu,
  • Shutong Xu

摘要

The Green Revolution of the 1960s significantly boosted cereal yields but incurred substantial environmental costs due to overreliance on chemical fertilizer inputs; thus, future agricultural sustainability demands improved nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE). The semi-dwarf Green Revolution varieties (GRVs) characterized by elevated DELLA protein accumulation introduce a fundamental trade-off, increasing lodging resistance and harvest index at the expense of diminished biomass and grain productivity per plant, and require high nitrogen fertilizer inputs to achieve maximum yield potential under high planting density. Here we show that gibberellin (GA)-bound GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) induces multi-level conformational changes in DELLA protein, affecting its N-terminal DELLA and VHYN/DPT/S and C-terminal VVLV and SAW motifs, thereby facilitating recognition by the SKP1-CULLIN-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex and subsequent proteasomal degradation. We also performed structure-guided engineering of the rice SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1)-GID1-GID2 complex and created a series of dwarf alleles exhibiting a continuous spectrum of plant heights in elite cultivars. Notably, the dominant alleles slr1Y94A and slr1Y580A achieved superior yield and enhanced NUE over conventional sd1-containing GRVs. Reprogramming DELLA turnover thus enables to break the long-standing trade-off between high yield and fertilizer dependency, offering a strategy toward a more sustainable and productive Green Revolution.