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<p>Antimicrobial resistance poses a global threat to public health. Mobile microbiological laboratories can enable environmental monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in geographically remote and resource-limited locations, such as the Galápagos archipelago. Here, we report the development of a mobile laboratory for antimicrobial resistance surveillance of marine sites surrounding San Cristóbal, the archipelago’s second most populated island, which has experienced rapid urbanization and intense international tourism pressure. On-site metagenomic sequencing of wastewater-contaminated marine sites reveals a stark shift in microbial genera and a higher count of antimicrobial resistance genes compared to uncontaminated marine sites, mirroring metagenomic results of local untreated sewage. Over 40% of lactose-fermenting <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> isolates collected directly from sewage or marine environments near sites of wastewater outfall exhibit multidrug resistance. Long-read sequencing and de novo assembly of bacterial genomes and plasmids from multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> reveal frequent and rapid reassortment of antimicrobial resistance genes on plasmids, generating a diverse and functional resistome on the island. This study not only provides a framework for conducting antimicrobial resistance research in low-resource settings but also underscores the impact of wastewater contamination on the environmental antimicrobial resistance landscape and highlights potential threats to human and animal health.</p>

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Human wastewater contamination drives the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the Galápagos marine ecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Arnav Lal,
  • Jade C. Riopelle,
  • Katherine Villarin,
  • Maya Mathur,
  • Lia Enriquez,
  • Rui Xiao,
  • Naomi Phemister-Jimenez,
  • Katherine Gilbert,
  • Stephen D. Cole,
  • Maddie Tilyou,
  • Kelly P. Kennedy,
  • Ernesto Vaca,
  • Wilson Castillo,
  • Michael Weisberg,
  • Lisa M. Mattei,
  • Daniel P. Beiting

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance poses a global threat to public health. Mobile microbiological laboratories can enable environmental monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in geographically remote and resource-limited locations, such as the Galápagos archipelago. Here, we report the development of a mobile laboratory for antimicrobial resistance surveillance of marine sites surrounding San Cristóbal, the archipelago’s second most populated island, which has experienced rapid urbanization and intense international tourism pressure. On-site metagenomic sequencing of wastewater-contaminated marine sites reveals a stark shift in microbial genera and a higher count of antimicrobial resistance genes compared to uncontaminated marine sites, mirroring metagenomic results of local untreated sewage. Over 40% of lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected directly from sewage or marine environments near sites of wastewater outfall exhibit multidrug resistance. Long-read sequencing and de novo assembly of bacterial genomes and plasmids from multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli reveal frequent and rapid reassortment of antimicrobial resistance genes on plasmids, generating a diverse and functional resistome on the island. This study not only provides a framework for conducting antimicrobial resistance research in low-resource settings but also underscores the impact of wastewater contamination on the environmental antimicrobial resistance landscape and highlights potential threats to human and animal health.