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<p><i>Camelina sativa</i>, an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family, has close relatives that vary in ploidy levels, providing a unique platform for studying plant genome evolution. Here, we report an improved assembly of the widely used <i>C. sativa</i> reference DH55 and three additional genome assemblies of <i>Camelina microcarpa</i>: one tetraploid, and two hexaploids with divergent chromosome numbers, Type 1 (2n = 40) and Type 2 (2n = 38). We uncover the fourth subgenome of the <i>Camelina</i> genus that of <i>C. microcarpa</i> Type 2, which shows numerous unique chromosomal rearrangements differentiating it from other characterized <i>Camelina</i> subgenomes. In this recently formed species, the second subgenome displays gene expression dominance, contrary to expectations from the two-step evolutionary process invoked in the generation of related Brassicaceae species. The observed gene dominance is negatively correlated with inter-subgenome chromatin interaction frequencies, suggesting chromosome conformation and proximity in the nucleus contribute to this mechanism of genome evolution.</p>

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A fourth subgenome of the Camelina genus reveals gene dominance is influenced by chromosomal proximity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Raju Chaudhary,
  • Kevin C. Koh,
  • Peng Gao,
  • Sampath Perumal,
  • Erin E. Higgins,
  • Kyla Horner,
  • Stephen J. Robinson,
  • Zhengping Wang,
  • Christina Eynck,
  • Venkat Bandi,
  • Andrew G. Sharpe,
  • Isobel A. P. Parkin

摘要

Camelina sativa, an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family, has close relatives that vary in ploidy levels, providing a unique platform for studying plant genome evolution. Here, we report an improved assembly of the widely used C. sativa reference DH55 and three additional genome assemblies of Camelina microcarpa: one tetraploid, and two hexaploids with divergent chromosome numbers, Type 1 (2n = 40) and Type 2 (2n = 38). We uncover the fourth subgenome of the Camelina genus that of C. microcarpa Type 2, which shows numerous unique chromosomal rearrangements differentiating it from other characterized Camelina subgenomes. In this recently formed species, the second subgenome displays gene expression dominance, contrary to expectations from the two-step evolutionary process invoked in the generation of related Brassicaceae species. The observed gene dominance is negatively correlated with inter-subgenome chromatin interaction frequencies, suggesting chromosome conformation and proximity in the nucleus contribute to this mechanism of genome evolution.