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<p>Gapless fracton quantum spin liquids are exotic phases of matter described by higher-rank U(1) gauge theories, which host gapped and immobile fracton matter excitations as well as gapless photons. Despite well-known field theories, no spin models beyond purely classical systems have been identified to realize these phases. Using error-controlled Green function Monte Carlo, here we investigate a square lattice spin-1 model that shows precise signatures of a fracton quantum spin liquid without indications of conventional ordering. Specifically, the magnetic response exhibits characteristic patterns of suppressed pinch points that accurately match the prediction of a rank-2 U(1) field theory and reveals the existence of emergent photon excitations in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Remarkably, this type of fracton quantum spin liquid is not only identified in the system’s ground state but also in generic low-energy sectors of a strongly fragmented Hilbert space.</p>

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Gapless fracton quantum spin liquid and emergent photons in a 2D spin-1 model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Nils Niggemann,
  • Meghadeepa Adhikary,
  • Yannik Schaden-Thillmann,
  • Johannes Reuther

摘要

Gapless fracton quantum spin liquids are exotic phases of matter described by higher-rank U(1) gauge theories, which host gapped and immobile fracton matter excitations as well as gapless photons. Despite well-known field theories, no spin models beyond purely classical systems have been identified to realize these phases. Using error-controlled Green function Monte Carlo, here we investigate a square lattice spin-1 model that shows precise signatures of a fracton quantum spin liquid without indications of conventional ordering. Specifically, the magnetic response exhibits characteristic patterns of suppressed pinch points that accurately match the prediction of a rank-2 U(1) field theory and reveals the existence of emergent photon excitations in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Remarkably, this type of fracton quantum spin liquid is not only identified in the system’s ground state but also in generic low-energy sectors of a strongly fragmented Hilbert space.