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<p>Carbon dioxide is a fundamental atmospheric component that regulates Earth’s climate. However, atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) during the Cambrian Explosion remain poorly constrained. Here we report <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variations reconstructed via carbon isotope signatures of algal fossils from eight fossil deposits across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition (~553 to ~508 Ma). Results reveal an increase in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> (±1<i>σ</i>) from ~3–9 to ~9–21 PAL during ~553–529 Ma, followed by a progressive decline to ~5–17 PAL and ~3–8 PAL at ~517 Ma and ~508 Ma, respectively. These temporal <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> changes coincide with shifts in marine strontium isotope values, which, together, are most consistent with tectonically driven changes in the carbon and strontium cycles, as supported by the results of Earth system biogeochemical box modelling. Tectonic modulation over a three-stage greenhouse–hypergreenhouse–greenhouse climate could have profoundly influenced marine environments in ways that impacted the early diversification of animals.</p>

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Algal δ13C reveals climate changes during the Cambrian Explosion

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Chao Chang,
  • Mingyu Zhao,
  • Pengcheng Ju,
  • Dongjing Fu,
  • Ruiyun Li,
  • Junfeng Guo,
  • Kangjun Huang,
  • Mingkun Wang,
  • Linhao Cui,
  • Yuning Yang,
  • Mengyin Wu,
  • Elena Yu. Golubkova,
  • Dmitrii V. Grazhdankin,
  • Robert R. Gaines,
  • Xingliang Zhang

摘要

Carbon dioxide is a fundamental atmospheric component that regulates Earth’s climate. However, atmospheric CO2 levels (pCO2) during the Cambrian Explosion remain poorly constrained. Here we report pCO2 variations reconstructed via carbon isotope signatures of algal fossils from eight fossil deposits across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition (~553 to ~508 Ma). Results reveal an increase in pCO2 (±1σ) from ~3–9 to ~9–21 PAL during ~553–529 Ma, followed by a progressive decline to ~5–17 PAL and ~3–8 PAL at ~517 Ma and ~508 Ma, respectively. These temporal pCO2 changes coincide with shifts in marine strontium isotope values, which, together, are most consistent with tectonically driven changes in the carbon and strontium cycles, as supported by the results of Earth system biogeochemical box modelling. Tectonic modulation over a three-stage greenhouse–hypergreenhouse–greenhouse climate could have profoundly influenced marine environments in ways that impacted the early diversification of animals.