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<p>A false-negative diagnosis of cancer can lead to a delay in effective treatment and a poorer prognosis. Here, we use the example of cutaneous melanoma to examine how many years of life are lost after a false-negative diagnosis compared to a primarily correct diagnosis. From 1996 to 2015, 9,063 patients are prospectively registered in the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry and followed up until December 2023. A false-negative diagnosis is found in 206 (2.3%) patients. The median time to correct diagnosis is 24.0 months. The 10-year recurrence-free survival probabilities are 32.9% for false-negative diagnoses and 76.2% for correct diagnoses (p &lt; 0.001). The 10-year melanoma-specific survival probabilities are 62.1% versus 85.0% (p &lt; 0.001). On average, each person with an initial false-negative diagnosis loses 8.2 years of life compared to people with a correct diagnosis. This high number of years of life lost raises the question of whether similar results also apply to other types of cancer.</p>

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Years of life lost in patients with a false-negative diagnosis of primary melanoma. A prospective study of the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry involving 9063 patients over 28 years

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Claus Garbe,
  • Ulrike Keim,
  • Teresa Amaral,
  • Paolo A. Ascierto,
  • Jürgen Bauer,
  • Reinhard Dummer,
  • Alexander M. M. Eggermont,
  • Thomas K. Eigentler,
  • Lukas Flatz,
  • Stephan Forchhammer,
  • Andrea Forschner,
  • Sara Gandini,
  • Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,
  • Axel Hauschild,
  • Christoph Hoeller,
  • John M. Kirkwood,
  • Celeste Lebbe,
  • Georgina V. Long,
  • Paul Lorigan,
  • Jason J. Luke,
  • Friedegund Meier,
  • Gisela Metzler,
  • Paul Nathan,
  • Michael A. Postow,
  • Caroline Robert,
  • Martin Röcken,
  • Dirk Schadendorf,
  • Benjamin Weide,
  • David Whiteman,
  • Ulrike Leiter,
  • Peter Martus

摘要

A false-negative diagnosis of cancer can lead to a delay in effective treatment and a poorer prognosis. Here, we use the example of cutaneous melanoma to examine how many years of life are lost after a false-negative diagnosis compared to a primarily correct diagnosis. From 1996 to 2015, 9,063 patients are prospectively registered in the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry and followed up until December 2023. A false-negative diagnosis is found in 206 (2.3%) patients. The median time to correct diagnosis is 24.0 months. The 10-year recurrence-free survival probabilities are 32.9% for false-negative diagnoses and 76.2% for correct diagnoses (p < 0.001). The 10-year melanoma-specific survival probabilities are 62.1% versus 85.0% (p < 0.001). On average, each person with an initial false-negative diagnosis loses 8.2 years of life compared to people with a correct diagnosis. This high number of years of life lost raises the question of whether similar results also apply to other types of cancer.