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<p>The cell cycle is fundamental to eukaryotes and regulated in conserved and kingdom-specific manners. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-specific cell-cycle control remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a plant-specific N-terminal extension of PAF1 facilitates the assembly of transcriptional machinery that regulates plant-specific cell-cycle progression. This exclusively-evolved extension mediates direct interaction between PAF1 and SKIP within plantae. The resulting PAF1c-SKIP complex binds to a plant-specific <i>CDKB</i> locus in a PAF1-dependent manner, activating its expression to drive cell-cycle progression from unicellular algae to angiosperms. The intrinsically disordered N-terminal extension of PAF1 undergoes phase separation. Both this extension and its phase separation capacity are critical for functional PAF1c-SKIP complex formation and cell-cycle progression. Our findings illustrate how evolutionary repurposing of ancient protein domains through evolutionary gain of an IDR-like N-terminal extension enables plants to develop a unique molecular mechanism for kingdom-specific cell cycle strategies.</p>

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Evolutionary acquisition of an interaction between conserved proteins drives plant-specific cell cycle progression

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Yan Li,
  • Renshen Yuan,
  • Xudong Shang,
  • Qingmeng Xiao,
  • Liqing Yang,
  • Min Jiang,
  • Qianfeng Zhang,
  • Yilin Xu,
  • Ruiqi Li,
  • Yujia Zhang,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Ying Cao,
  • Hui Chen,
  • Ligeng Ma

摘要

The cell cycle is fundamental to eukaryotes and regulated in conserved and kingdom-specific manners. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-specific cell-cycle control remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a plant-specific N-terminal extension of PAF1 facilitates the assembly of transcriptional machinery that regulates plant-specific cell-cycle progression. This exclusively-evolved extension mediates direct interaction between PAF1 and SKIP within plantae. The resulting PAF1c-SKIP complex binds to a plant-specific CDKB locus in a PAF1-dependent manner, activating its expression to drive cell-cycle progression from unicellular algae to angiosperms. The intrinsically disordered N-terminal extension of PAF1 undergoes phase separation. Both this extension and its phase separation capacity are critical for functional PAF1c-SKIP complex formation and cell-cycle progression. Our findings illustrate how evolutionary repurposing of ancient protein domains through evolutionary gain of an IDR-like N-terminal extension enables plants to develop a unique molecular mechanism for kingdom-specific cell cycle strategies.