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<p>Flexible perovskite solar cells and modules are limited by buried-interface nonuniformity and the thickness-sensitive, aggregation-prone nature of conventional small-molecule self-assembled monolayers, which create local recombination hot spots and crack-initiated degradation during large-area coating and bending. Here we introduce asymmetric polymeric self-assembled layers based on poly(4-(3-phenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl phosphate) (Poly-3Ph-4PACz), a polycarbazole phosphonic acid featuring rigid phenyl-carbazole units and multiple anchoring sites. The polymeric architecture yields a dense, highly wetting and electrically homogeneous hole-selective contact with enhanced interfacial dipole and strong perovskite binding, enabling uniform crystallization, reduced non-radiative losses and effective stress buffering. Flexible devices reach 26.13% champion power conversion efficiency, while 57.6 cm<sup>2</sup> flexible modules deliver 22.22%. Encapsulated modules retain 97.23% after 3000 bending cycles and show damp-heat resilience with <i>T</i><sub>95</sub> &gt; 1000 h at 85 °C/85% RH. Beyond flexibility, Poly-3Ph-4PACz enables 27.18% rigid inverted perovskite solar cells (certified mean steady-state 27.12%) and a certified 32.95% perovskite/Si tandem efficiency. These results establish polymeric self-assembly as a scalable route to high-efficiency, durable flexible photovoltaics.</p>

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Buried-interface homogenization by asymmetric polymeric self-assembled layers powers efficient, durable flexible perovskite photovoltaics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Qingping Tang,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Jike Ding,
  • Zuolin Zhang,
  • Wenjie Lin,
  • Zhenzhen Liu,
  • Zesheng Deng,
  • Tao Chen,
  • Guoqing Li,
  • Jiaxing Song,
  • Zhiheng Wang,
  • Zaifang Li,
  • Cong Chen

摘要

Flexible perovskite solar cells and modules are limited by buried-interface nonuniformity and the thickness-sensitive, aggregation-prone nature of conventional small-molecule self-assembled monolayers, which create local recombination hot spots and crack-initiated degradation during large-area coating and bending. Here we introduce asymmetric polymeric self-assembled layers based on poly(4-(3-phenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl phosphate) (Poly-3Ph-4PACz), a polycarbazole phosphonic acid featuring rigid phenyl-carbazole units and multiple anchoring sites. The polymeric architecture yields a dense, highly wetting and electrically homogeneous hole-selective contact with enhanced interfacial dipole and strong perovskite binding, enabling uniform crystallization, reduced non-radiative losses and effective stress buffering. Flexible devices reach 26.13% champion power conversion efficiency, while 57.6 cm2 flexible modules deliver 22.22%. Encapsulated modules retain 97.23% after 3000 bending cycles and show damp-heat resilience with T95 > 1000 h at 85 °C/85% RH. Beyond flexibility, Poly-3Ph-4PACz enables 27.18% rigid inverted perovskite solar cells (certified mean steady-state 27.12%) and a certified 32.95% perovskite/Si tandem efficiency. These results establish polymeric self-assembly as a scalable route to high-efficiency, durable flexible photovoltaics.